Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Sociol Health Illn. 2024 Jan;46(1):78-94. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.13692. Epub 2023 Jul 2.
During the last few decades, the human rights paradigm has shifted the normative status of disabled people, providing, in principle, the right to full and equal participation. Particularly in neoliberal economies, however, participation in work life is a major constraint on social legitimacy, creating a predicament for people who cannot adhere to the ideal of the 'productive member of society'. In this article, I explore this predicament at the intersection of disability studies and the sociology of health and illness, reviewing literature and discussing key concepts. I argue that in neoliberal societies, two distinct and largely incompatible pathways to social legitimacy depend, respectively, on (a) a version of the classical sick role and (b) a more recently constituted able-disabled role. Of these, the first pathway has mainly been explored and critiqued in the sociology of health and illness, while the second features mainly in disability studies. However, both pathways can be understood (1) as ableist mechanisms for maintaining adherence to values of productivity and by (2) imposing on disabled people an unequal burden of invisible work-a key feature of ableism, driving inequality both within the group of disabled people and for the group as a whole.
在过去的几十年中，人权范式改变了残疾人的规范地位，原则上为他们提供了充分和平等参与的权利。然而，特别是在新自由主义经济中，参与工作生活是对社会合法性的主要限制，这给那些无法坚持“社会生产成员”理想的人带来了困境。在本文中，我在残疾研究和健康与疾病社会学的交叉点上探讨了这种困境，回顾了文献并讨论了关键概念。我认为，在新自由主义社会中，两种截然不同且在很大程度上不兼容的社会合法性途径分别取决于（a）经典的病态角色和（b）最近构成的有能力的残疾角色。在这些途径中，第一种途径主要在健康与疾病社会学中得到了探讨和批判，而第二种途径主要在残疾研究中出现。然而，这两种途径都可以被理解为（1）维持对生产力价值观的遵从的、有能力歧视的机制，以及（2）将无形工作的不平等负担强加给残疾人——这是有能力歧视的一个关键特征，既在残疾人群体内部造成了不平等，也对整个群体造成了不平等。
