Oba Peter, Dione Michel, Mwiine Frank N, Wieland Barbara, Erume Joseph, Ouma Emily
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kampala, Uganda.
National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Abi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (Abi ZARDI), Arua, Uganda.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Jun 16;10:1198461. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1198461. eCollection 2023.
This study sought to quantify direct economic losses due to respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) helminth infections in domestic pigs in Uganda. In a longitudinal study design with repeated measures, farm visits were made at 2 month intervals from October 2018 to September 2019. Weaner and grower pigs ( = 288) aged 2-6 months from 94 farms were sampled. The pigs were monitored for growth and screened for exposure to four important respiratory pathogens: porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv), (), () using ELISA tests. Farm management practices were recorded and used to generate management level scores. Treatment expenses incurred were recorded throughout the study. A mixed effects model was fitted to quantify effects of respiratory and helminth infections on average daily weight gains (ADGs), with farm and pig as random effects. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine differences in mean treatment costs by farm management standard. Financial losses were estimated from average carcass dressing percentage, ADG reductions during fattening (200 days). Results showed a grower pig in a given farm exposed to PRRSv and spp. had significantly lower ADG by 17.10 gr/day and 16.80 grams/day respectively, compared to a similar unexposed pig ( < 0.05). Mean treatment costs per pig declined significantly with increase in management standard scores (MSS), from USD 1.13 per pig in MSS 1 (poor management) farms to USD 0.95 for MSS 3 (better management) farms ( < 0.05). We show that monetary losses due to PRRSv and spp. infection amounted to USD 6.6 ± 2.7 and 6.50 ± 3.2 (Mean ± SEM) per pig, respectively during 200 days of fattening. This study strengthens evidence that improving management practices to reduce infections mitigates economic losses. To guide interventions, further studies are required to unravel the full extent of indirect economic losses.
本研究旨在量化乌干达家猪因呼吸道和胃肠道蠕虫感染造成的直接经济损失。在一项采用重复测量的纵向研究设计中，于2018年10月至2019年9月期间每隔两个月进行一次农场走访。从94个农场中选取了2至6月龄的断奶仔猪和生长猪（n = 288）作为样本。对这些猪的生长情况进行监测，并使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）试验筛查其是否接触四种重要的呼吸道病原体：猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSv）、（此处原文缺失两种病原体名称）。记录农场管理做法并用于生成管理水平得分。在整个研究过程中记录所产生的治疗费用。采用混合效应模型来量化呼吸道和蠕虫感染对平均日增重（ADG）的影响，将农场和猪作为随机效应。使用方差分析（ANOVA）来确定不同农场管理标准下平均治疗成本的差异。根据平均胴体屠宰率、育肥期（200天）内ADG的降低情况来估算经济损失。结果显示，在给定农场中，与未接触的同类猪相比，接触PRRSv和（此处原文缺失一种蠕虫名称）的生长猪的ADG分别显著降低了17.10克/天和16.80克/天（P < 0.05）。随着管理标准得分（MSS）的提高，每头猪的平均治疗成本显著下降，从MSS 1（管理不善）农场的每头猪1.13美元降至MSS 3（管理较好）农场的每头猪0.95美元（P < 0.05）。我们发现，在200天的育肥期内，因PRRSv和（此处原文缺失一种蠕虫名称）感染造成的货币损失分别为每头猪6.6 ± 2.7美元和6.50 ± 3.2美元（均值 ± 标准误）。本研究进一步证明，改善管理做法以减少感染可减轻经济损失。为指导干预措施，需要进一步开展研究以全面了解间接经济损失的程度。
