Singh Shivam, Saini Heena, Sharma Ashok, Gupta Subhash, Huddar V G, Tripathi Richa
Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Integrated translational Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Rog Nidan and Vikriti vigyan (Pathology), All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), New Delhi, India.
Front Oncol. 2023 Jun 16;13:1155254. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1155254. eCollection 2023.
With a high mortality rate that accounts for millions of cancer-related deaths each year, breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in women. Chemotherapy has significant potential in the prevention and spreading of breast cancer; however, drug resistance often hinders therapy in breast cancer patients. The identification and the use of novel molecular biomarkers, which can predict response to chemotherapy, might lead to tailoring breast cancer treatment. In this context, accumulating research has reported microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers for early cancer detection, and are conducive to designing a more specific treatment plan by helping analyze drug resistance and sensitivity in breast cancer treatment. In this review, miRNAs are discussed in two alternative ways-as tumor suppressors to be used in miRNA replacement therapy to reduce oncogenesis and as oncomirs to lessen the translation of the target miRNA. Different miRNAs like miR-638, miR-17, miR-20b, miR-342, miR-484, miR-21, miR-24, miR-27, miR-23 and miR-200 are involved in the regulation of chemoresistance through diverse genetic targets. For instance, tumor-suppressing miRNAs like miR-342, miR-16, miR-214, and miR-128 and tumor-promoting miRNAs like miR101 and miR-106-25 cluster regulate the cell cycle, apoptosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and other pathways to impart breast cancer drug resistance. Hence, in this review, we have discussed the significance of miRNA biomarkers that could assist in providing novel therapeutic targets to overcome potential chemotherapy resistance to systemic therapy and further facilitate the design of tailored therapy for enhanced efficacy against breast cancer.
乳腺癌是女性中第二常见的恶性肿瘤，每年导致数百万与癌症相关的死亡，死亡率很高。化疗在预防和扩散乳腺癌方面具有巨大潜力；然而，耐药性常常阻碍乳腺癌患者的治疗。识别和使用能够预测化疗反应的新型分子生物标志物，可能会实现乳腺癌治疗的个性化。在这种背景下，越来越多的研究报告称，微小RNA（miRNA）可作为早期癌症检测的潜在生物标志物，有助于分析乳腺癌治疗中的耐药性和敏感性，从而设计出更具针对性的治疗方案。在这篇综述中，miRNA以两种不同方式进行讨论——作为肿瘤抑制因子用于miRNA替代疗法以减少肿瘤发生，以及作为致癌miRNA以减少靶miRNA的翻译。不同的miRNA，如miR-638、miR-17、miR-20b、miR-342、miR-484、miR-21、miR-24、miR-27、miR-23和miR-200，通过不同的基因靶点参与化疗耐药性的调控。例如，肿瘤抑制性miRNA如miR-342、miR-16、miR-214和miR-128，以及肿瘤促进性miRNA如miR101和miR-106-25簇，通过调节细胞周期、细胞凋亡、上皮-间质转化等途径赋予乳腺癌耐药性。因此，在这篇综述中，我们讨论了miRNA生物标志物的重要性，其有助于提供新的治疗靶点，以克服全身治疗潜在的化疗耐药性，并进一步促进设计针对性更强的疗法，以提高对乳腺癌的疗效。
