Hudson Sa-Kiera Tiarra Jolynn, Uenal Fatih
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Haas School of Business, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
J Pers. 2024 Jun;92(3):883-906. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12860. Epub 2023 Jul 3.
Examine the group-specific connections between personality, ideology, and the moral emotions of empathy and schadenfreude.
Empathy and schadenfreude are emotions that often lead to moral prosocial or spiteful harmful behaviors respectively. An outstanding question is what motivates feelings of empathy and schadenfreude towards people from different groups. Here we examine two prominent motivators of emotions: personality traits and ideology. Previous work has found that people's ideological orientations towards respecting traditionalism (RWA) and preferences about group-based hierarchy (SDO) can impact intergroup emotions. Further, personality traits of low agreeableness, low openness, and high conscientiousness uniquely engender SDO and RWA.
In the research presented here (Study 1 n = 492; Study 2 n = 786), we examine the relationships between personality traits, ideology, and emotions for groups that are perceived to be dangerous and competitive. We hypothesize that SDO and RWA will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude but towards unique groups. SDO will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards competitive, low-status groups while RWA will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards threatening groups. We further extend past work by investigating left-wing authoritarianism as well.
We find broad support for our expectation that the relationships between personality and emotions, as well as ideology and emotions, depend on the specific group in question.
These results help expand the dual process motivational model of prejudice and suggest the importance of specifying a target group when assessing relationships between personality, ideology, and emotions.
研究人格、意识形态与共情和幸灾乐祸等道德情感之间特定群体的联系。
共情和幸灾乐祸是两种情绪，它们通常分别导致道德上的亲社会行为或恶意的有害行为。一个突出的问题是，是什么激发了对不同群体的人的共情和幸灾乐祸之情。在此，我们研究两种突出的情绪激发因素：人格特质和意识形态。先前的研究发现，人们对尊重传统主义（RWA）的意识形态取向以及对基于群体的等级制度的偏好（SDO）会影响群体间的情绪。此外，低宜人性、低开放性和高尽责性的人格特质会独特地产生SDO和RWA。
在本文所呈现的研究中（研究1，n = 492；研究2，n = 786），我们研究了人格特质、意识形态与被视为危险和有竞争力的群体的情绪之间的关系。我们假设SDO和RWA将与共情的减少和幸灾乐祸的增加相关，但针对的是特定群体。SDO将与对有竞争力的低地位群体共情的减少和幸灾乐祸的增加相关，而RWA将与对威胁性群体共情的减少和幸灾乐祸的增加相关。我们还通过调查左翼威权主义进一步扩展了以往的研究。
我们的预期得到了广泛支持，即人格与情绪以及意识形态与情绪之间的关系取决于所讨论的特定群体。
这些结果有助于扩展偏见的双加工动机模型，并表明在评估人格、意识形态和情绪之间的关系时指定目标群体的重要性。
