Suter Lilian, Döveling Katrin
School of Applied Psychology, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Communication and Media Research (IKMZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Front Psychol. 2024 Aug 29;15:1437721. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1437721. eCollection 2024.
Suffering and misfortunes of other people are often portrayed in the media. Recipients react to these portrayals with different emotions. This article elucidates and clarifies schadenfreude (pleasure at the misfortune of others) and sympathy (feeling concern or sorrow over another person's distress) in media experiences. A thorough literature review provides in-depth insights into the formation of affective dispositions and schadenfreude from various psychological perspectives. This conceptual analysis leads to the "Model of Individual and Social Appraisals of Misfortunes of Others" (MISAM) which first reveals the determining intrapersonal factors within the emotional experience of schadenfreude and sympathy. Second, it discloses the social component vital for understanding the construction and regulation of these emotions. The model combines individual and social appraisal processes and identifies the factors involved in the elicitation and regulation of schadenfreude and sympathy in the media reception of misfortunes. With the aim of integrating different perspectives, we incorporated Affective Disposition Theory and recent work from social psychology and used an appraisal framework. The MISAM opens the path for further investigation of schadenfreude and sympathy in media reception, beyond entertainment experiences.
他人的苦难和不幸常常在媒体中呈现。受众对这些呈现会产生不同的情绪反应。本文阐释并厘清了幸灾乐祸（因他人的不幸而感到愉悦）和同情（对他人的痛苦感到关切或悲伤）在媒体体验中的情况。全面的文献综述从各种心理学视角深入洞察了情感倾向和幸灾乐祸的形成。这种概念分析引出了“他人不幸的个体与社会评估模型”（MISAM），该模型首先揭示了幸灾乐祸和同情情感体验中决定性的个体内部因素。其次，它揭示了对于理解这些情绪的构建和调节至关重要的社会成分。该模型将个体和社会评估过程结合起来，确定了在媒体对不幸事件的接收中引发和调节幸灾乐祸及同情的因素。为了整合不同视角，我们纳入了情感倾向理论以及社会心理学的最新研究成果，并使用了一个评估框架。MISAM为超越娱乐体验，进一步研究媒体接收中的幸灾乐祸和同情开辟了道路。
