College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Br J Psychol. 2024 Feb;115(1):20-39. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12675. Epub 2023 Jul 4.
People often form first impressions of others based on face and/or voice cues. This study aimed to compare the first impressions formed under these two cues. First, we compared free descriptions based on face and voice cues and found differences in the content and frequency of the personality words. We then compiled three wordlists used for face-based and voice-based first impression evaluations separately or simultaneously. Second, using these wordlists, we compared face-based and voice-based first impression ratings and found that both had significant intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. However, using the mean of the actors' self-rating and their acquaintance rating as the validity criterion, only the ratings of 'ingenuous' and 'mature' traits in the face-based first impression evaluation were significantly correlated with the validity criterion. Factor analysis revealed that face-based first impression had the dimensions of capability and approachability, while voice-based first impression had capability, approachability and reliability. The findings indicate that stable first impressions can be formed by either face or voice cues. However, the specific composition of impressions will vary between the cues. These results also provide a foundation for studying first impressions formed by an integrated perception of voice and face cues.
人们常常通过面部和/或声音线索来形成对他人的第一印象。本研究旨在比较这两种线索下形成的第一印象。首先，我们比较了基于面部和声音线索的自由描述，发现了个性词汇的内容和频率存在差异。然后，我们分别或同时编制了三个用于基于面部和基于声音的第一印象评价的词汇表。其次，使用这些词汇表，我们比较了基于面部和基于声音的第一印象评价，发现两者均具有显著的内部和外部评分者信度。然而，使用演员自评和熟人评价的平均值作为效标，只有基于面部的第一印象评价中的“纯朴”和“成熟”特质的评分与效标显著相关。因子分析表明，基于面部的第一印象具有能力和亲和力两个维度，而基于声音的第一印象具有能力、亲和力和可靠性三个维度。研究结果表明，通过面部或声音线索都可以形成稳定的第一印象。然而，印象的具体构成会因线索而异。这些结果还为研究基于声音和面部线索的综合感知形成的第一印象提供了基础。
