Masi Matteo, Mattavelli Simone, Fasoli Fabio, Brambilla Marco
University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2024 Sep 4:1461672241273209. doi: 10.1177/01461672241273209.
Impressions of others are formed from multiple cues, including facial features, vocal tone, and behavioral descriptions, and may be subject to multimodal updating. Four experiments ( = 803) examined the influence of a target's face or voice on impression updating. Experiments 1a-1b examined whether behavior-based impressions are susceptible to updating by incongruent information conveyed by the target's face, voice, or behavior (within-participant manipulation). Both faces and voices updated impressions with comparable strength, but less than behaviors. Experiment 2, contrasting faces and voices only (between-participants manipulation), showed that voices outperformed faces regardless of how impressions were formed (i.e., via behavioral vs. nonbehavioral information). Experiment 3 found no difference when comparing faces and voices in a within-participant design and controlling for stimulus attractiveness. Our work highlights the importance of multimodal cues for impression updating and shows that the relative power of faces and voices depends on contextual factors.
对他人的印象是由多种线索形成的，包括面部特征、语调以及行为描述，并且可能会受到多模态更新的影响。四项实验（N = 803）考察了目标对象的面部或声音对印象更新的影响。实验1a - 1b考察了基于行为的印象是否容易受到目标对象的面部、声音或行为所传达的不一致信息的更新影响（参与者内操纵）。面部和声音都以相当的强度更新印象，但低于行为。实验2仅对比面部和声音（参与者间操纵），结果表明无论印象是如何形成的（即通过行为信息还是非行为信息），声音在更新印象方面都优于面部。实验3在参与者内设计中比较面部和声音并控制刺激吸引力时，未发现差异。我们的研究强调了多模态线索对印象更新的重要性，并表明面部和声音的相对影响力取决于情境因素。
