Taylor Christine B
Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
Facial Plast Surg. 2023 Dec;39(6):590-594. doi: 10.1055/a-2122-7251. Epub 2023 Jul 4.
Patients often present with a complaint of nasal blockage, either primarily, or in conjunction with aesthetic concerns. The evaluation of the patient with nasal obstruction involves a comprehensive history and a detailed physical examination. The nose is an organ in which form and function are inseparable, and as such, examination of the patient with nasal obstruction must focus not only the internal structures that may cause obstruction of the nasal airway, but also the external structure of the nose as it impacts nasal breathing. Detailed facial analysis and a systematic nasal examination will reveal details regarding nasal obstruction due to internal sources such as septal deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, or nasal lining abnormalities, and structural abnormalities such as nasal valve collapse or external nasal deformity. This approach, in categorizing each component of the nasal exam and its findings, allows the surgeon to formulate an appropriate treatment plan that emerges from the details of the examination.
患者常常主诉鼻塞，这可能是主要症状，也可能与美观问题相关。对鼻塞患者的评估需要全面的病史采集和详细的体格检查。鼻子是一个形态与功能密不可分的器官，因此，对鼻塞患者的检查不仅要关注可能导致鼻气道阻塞的内部结构，还要关注鼻子的外部结构，因为它会影响鼻呼吸。详细的面部分析和系统的鼻腔检查将揭示由鼻中隔偏曲、鼻甲肥大或鼻黏膜异常等内部原因以及鼻瓣膜塌陷或鼻外部畸形等结构异常导致鼻塞的细节。这种对鼻腔检查的每个组成部分及其结果进行分类的方法，使外科医生能够根据检查细节制定合适的治疗方案。
