Exercise Health and Technology Center, Physical Education Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Department of Physical Therapy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 19;14:1135852. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1135852. eCollection 2023.
This study aimed to investigate directional influences in the association between adiposity and physical activity (PA) from pre-puberty to early adulthood.
In the Calex-study, height, weight, body fat and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) were measured at age11.2-years, 13.2-years and 18.3-years in 396 Finnish girls. Body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, calculating fat mass index (FMI) as total fat mass in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. LTPA level was evaluated using a physical activity questionnaire. In the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS), height, weight and habitual PA were measured at age 9.6-years, 15.7-years and 21.8-years in 399 Danish boys and girls. Habitual PA and sedentary behaviour were assessed with an accelerometer. Directional influences of adiposity and PA were examined using a bivariate cross-lagged path panel model.
The temporal stability of BMI from pre-puberty to early adulthood was higher than the temporal stability of PA or physical inactivity over the same time period both in girls and boys. In the Calex-study, BMI and FMI at age 11.2-years were both directly associated with LTPA at age 13.2-years (β = 0.167, p = 0.005 and β = 0.167, p = 0.005, respectively), whereas FMI at age 13.2-years showed an inverse association with LTPA at age 18.3-years (β = - 0.187, p = 0.048). However, earlier LTPA level was not associated with subsequent BMI or FMI. In the EYHS, no directional association was found for physical inactivity, light-, moderate-, and vigorous-PA with BMI during the follow-up in girls. In boys, BMI at age 15.7-years was directly associated with moderate PA (β = 0.301, p = 0.017) at age 21.8-years, while vigorous PA at age 15.7-years showed inverse associations with BMI at age 21.8-years (β = - 0.185, p = 0.023).
Our study indicates that previous fatness level is a much stronger predictor of future fatness than level of leisure-time or habitual physical activity during adolescence. The directional associations between adiposity and physical activity are not clear during adolescence, and may differ between boys and girls depending on pubertal status.
本研究旨在探讨从青春期前到成年早期，肥胖与体力活动（PA）之间关联的方向性影响。
在 Calex 研究中，396 名芬兰女孩在 11.2 岁、13.2 岁和 18.3 岁时测量身高、体重、体脂肪和休闲时间体力活动（LTPA）。体脂肪通过双能 X 射线吸收法测量，将脂肪质量指数（FMI）定义为总脂肪质量（千克）除以身高（米）的平方。LTPA 水平通过体力活动问卷进行评估。在欧洲青年心脏研究（EYHS）中，399 名丹麦男孩和女孩在 9.6 岁、15.7 岁和 21.8 岁时测量身高、体重和习惯性 PA。通过加速度计评估习惯性 PA 和久坐行为。使用双变量交叉滞后路径面板模型检查肥胖和 PA 的方向性影响。
从青春期前到成年早期，BMI 的时间稳定性高于同一时期 PA 或体力活动不活跃的时间稳定性，无论在女孩还是男孩中均如此。在 Calex 研究中，11.2 岁时的 BMI 和 FMI 均与 13.2 岁时的 LTPA 直接相关（β=0.167，p=0.005 和 β=0.167，p=0.005），而 13.2 岁时的 FMI 与 18.3 岁时的 LTPA 呈负相关（β=-0.187，p=0.048）。然而，早期的 LTPA 水平与随后的 BMI 或 FMI 无关。在 EYHS 中，在女孩中，在随访期间，身体不活动、低强度、中强度和高强度 PA 与 BMI 之间未发现方向性关联。在男孩中，15.7 岁时的 BMI 与 21.8 岁时的中等 PA 直接相关（β=0.301，p=0.017），而 15.7 岁时的剧烈 PA 与 21.8 岁时的 BMI 呈负相关（β=-0.185，p=0.023）。
本研究表明，以前的肥胖水平是未来肥胖的更强预测因素，而青春期期间的休闲时间或习惯性体力活动水平则不是。在青春期，肥胖与体力活动之间的方向性关联并不明确，并且可能因性别和青春期状态而异。
