Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham City, UK.
The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health (Fuse), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2021 Nov 4;18(1):141. doi: 10.1186/s12966-021-01132-9.
Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) of pre-school aged children are associated with important health and developmental outcomes. Accurate measurement of these behaviours in young children is critical for research and practice in this area. The aim of this review was to examine the validity, reliability, and feasibility of measurement tools used to assess PA and SB of pre-school aged children.Searches of electronic databases, and manual searching, were conducted to identify articles that examined the measurement properties (validity, reliability or feasibility) of measurement tools used to examine PA and/or SB of pre-school aged children (3-7 years old). Following screening, data were extracted and risk of bias assessment completed on all included articles.A total of 69 articles, describing 75 individual studies were included. Studies assessed measurement tools for PA (n = 27), SB (n = 5), and both PA and SB (n = 43). Outcome measures of PA and SB differed between studies (e.g. moderate to vigorous activity, step count, posture allocation). Most studies examined the measurement properties of one measurement tool only (n = 65). Measurement tools examined included: calorimetry, direct observation, combined heart rate and accelerometry, heart rate monitors, accelerometers, pedometers, and proxy report (parent, carer or teacher reported) measures (questionnaires or diaries). Studies most frequently assessed the validity (criterion and convergent) (n = 65), face and content validity (n = 2), test-retest reliability (n = 10) and intra-instrument reliability (n = 1) of the measurement tools. Feasibility data was abstracted from 41 studies.Multiple measurement tools used to measure PA and SB in pre-school aged children showed some degree of validity, reliability and feasibility, but often for different purposes. Accelerometers, including the Actigraph (in particular GT3X versions), Actical, ActivPAL and Fitbit (Flex and Zip), and proxy reported measurement tools used in combination may be useful for a range of outcome measures, to measure intensity alongside contextual information.
儿童期的身体活动（PA）和久坐行为（SB）与重要的健康和发育结果有关。准确测量幼儿的这些行为对于该领域的研究和实践至关重要。本综述的目的是检查用于评估学龄前儿童 PA 和 SB 的测量工具的有效性、可靠性和可行性。通过电子数据库搜索和手动搜索，确定了检查用于评估学龄前儿童（3-7 岁）PA 和/或 SB 的测量工具的测量特性（有效性、可靠性或可行性）的文章。筛选后，对所有纳入的文章进行数据提取和偏倚风险评估。共纳入 69 篇文章，描述了 75 项独立研究。研究评估了 PA（n=27）、SB（n=5）和 PA 和 SB（n=43）的测量工具。PA 和 SB 的研究结果指标在研究之间有所不同（例如，中等到剧烈活动、步数、姿势分配）。大多数研究仅检查了一种测量工具的测量特性（n=65）。检查的测量工具包括：热量测定法、直接观察法、心率和加速度计组合、心率监测器、加速度计、计步器和代理报告（父母、照顾者或教师报告）测量（问卷或日记）。研究最常评估测量工具的有效性（标准和收敛性）（n=65）、表面和内容有效性（n=2）、测试-重测可靠性（n=10）和仪器内可靠性（n=1）。从 41 项研究中提取了可行性数据。用于测量学龄前儿童 PA 和 SB 的多种测量工具具有一定程度的有效性、可靠性和可行性，但通常用于不同的目的。加速度计，包括 Actigraph（特别是 GT3X 版本）、Actical、ActivPAL 和 Fitbit（Flex 和 Zip），以及组合使用的代理报告测量工具，可能对一系列结果测量有用，以测量强度和上下文信息。
