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人本位、整合的非传染性疾病和艾滋病毒分散药物分发在斯威士兰和南非:结果和挑战。

Person-centred, integrated non-communicable disease and HIV decentralized drug distribution in Eswatini and South Africa: outcomes and challenges.

机构信息

Office of HIV/AIDS, USAID, Washington, DC, USA.

Global HIV, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

出版信息

J Int AIDS Soc. 2023 Jul;26 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):e26113. doi: 10.1002/jia2.26113.


DOI:10.1002/jia2.26113
PMID:37408477
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10323318/
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are highly prevalent in people living with HIV above 50 years of age and account for increasing mortality. There is little published evidence supporting person-centred, integrated models of HIV care, hypertension and diabetes treatment in southern Africa, and no data demonstrating mortality reduction. Where clinical visits for NCDs and HIV cannot be combined, integrated medication delivery presents an opportunity to streamline care and reduce patient costs. We present experiences of integrated HIV and NCD medication delivery in Eswatini and South Africa, focusing on programme successes and implementation challenges. Programmatic data from Eswatini's Community Health Commodities Distribution (CHCD) from April 2020 to December 2021 and South Africa's Central Chronic Medicines Dispensing and Distribution (CCMDD) from January 2016 to December 2021 were provided by programme managers and are summarized here. DISCUSSION: Launched in 2020, Eswatini's CHCD provides over 28,000 people with and without HIV with integrated services, including HIV testing, CD4 cell count testing, antiretroviral therapy refills, viral load monitoring and pre-exposure prophylaxis alongside NCD services, including blood pressure and glucose monitoring and hypertension and diabetes medication refills.  Communities designate neighbourhood care points and central gathering places for person-centred medication dispensing.  This programme reported fewer missed medication refill appointments among clients in community settings compared to facility-based settings. South Africa's CCMDD utilizes decentralized drug distribution to provide medications for over 2.9 million people, including those living with HIV, hypertension and diabetes.  CCMDD incorporates community-based pickup points, facility "fast lanes" and adherence clubs with public sector health facilities and private sector medication collection units.  There are no out-of-pocket payments for medications or testing commodities.  Wait-times for medication refills are lower at CCMDD sites than facility-based sites.  Innovations to reduce stigma include uniformly labelled medication packages for NCD and HIV medications. CONCLUSIONS: Eswatini and South Africa demonstrate person-centred models for HIV and NCD integration through decentralized drug distribution. This approach adapts medication delivery to serve individual needs and decongest centralized health facilities while efficiently delivering NCD care.  To bolster programme uptake, additional reporting of integrated decentralized drug distribution models should include HIV and NCD outcomes and mortality trends.

摘要

简介:年龄在 50 岁以上的 HIV 感染者中非传染性疾病(NCDs)的发病率很高,并且导致死亡率不断上升。在南部非洲,几乎没有发表的证据支持以患者为中心的、综合的 HIV 护理模式,以及高血压和糖尿病治疗模式,也没有数据表明死亡率有所降低。如果不能将 NCD 临床就诊和 HIV 就诊结合起来,那么整合药物输送就为简化护理和降低患者成本提供了机会。我们介绍了在斯威士兰和南非实施的综合 HIV 和 NCD 药物输送的经验,重点介绍了项目的成功和实施挑战。斯威士兰的社区卫生商品分发(CHCD)项目从 2020 年 4 月到 2021 年 12 月以及南非的中央慢性药物配给和分发(CCMDD)项目从 2016 年 1 月到 2021 年 12 月的方案数据由项目管理人员提供,并在此进行总结。 讨论:斯威士兰的 CHCD 项目于 2020 年启动,为 28000 多名 HIV 感染者和非感染者提供综合服务,包括 HIV 检测、CD4 细胞计数检测、抗逆转录病毒治疗药物续配、病毒载量监测和暴露前预防,同时还提供 NCD 服务,包括血压和血糖监测以及高血压和糖尿病药物续配。社区指定邻里护理点和中央聚集点,以便以患者为中心进行药物发放。该方案报告称,与医疗机构相比,社区环境中患者的药物续配预约缺诊率较低。南非的 CCMDD 利用分散式药物分发为 290 多万人提供药物,包括 HIV 感染者、高血压和糖尿病患者。CCMDD 将社区取药点、医疗机构的“快速通道”和依从俱乐部与公共部门卫生机构和私营部门药物收集单位结合起来。药物或检测用品都无需自掏腰包。CCMDD 取药点的药物续配等候时间比医疗机构的等候时间短。减少污名化的创新举措包括对 NCD 和 HIV 药物使用统一标签的药物包装。 结论:斯威士兰和南非通过分散式药物分发展示了针对 HIV 和 NCD 整合的以患者为中心的模式。这种方法使药物输送适应个人需求,并减轻了集中式卫生设施的压力,同时有效地提供了 NCD 护理。为了加强项目的参与度,应该对包括 HIV 和 NCD 结果和死亡率趋势在内的综合分散式药物分发模型进行更多的报告。

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本文引用的文献

[1]
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PLOS Glob Public Health. 2022-2-3

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Understanding how community antiretroviral delivery influences engagement in HIV care: a qualitative assessment of the Centralised Chronic Medication Dispensing and Distribution programme in South Africa.

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