Gil-Peinado María, Alacreu Mónica, Ramos Hernán, Sendra-Lillo José, García Cristina, García-Lluch Gemma, Lopez de Coca Teresa, Sala Marta, Moreno Lucrecia
Cátedra DeCo MICOF-CEU UCH, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Valencia, Spain.
Muy Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Farmacéuticos, Valencia, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jun 20;14:1152527. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1152527. eCollection 2023.
Cognitive impairment (CI) is known to be mediated by several risk and protective factors, many of which are potentially modifiable. Therefore, it is important to have up-to-date studies that address a standard assessment of psychosocial, clinical and lifestyle variables.
We conducted a cross-sectional observational study, with a 24-month timeframe, to estimate the relationship between risk and protective factors associated with dementia, according to the A-to-Z Dementia Knowledge. Participants were considered at CI risk if they tested positive for at least one of three validated CI screening tests: The Memory Impairment Screening, Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire, and Semantic Verbal Fluency. The A-to-Z data Collection included Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener and Geriatric Depression Scale.
The estimated prevalence of CI was 22.6% in a sample of 709 patients with an average of 69.3±10.3 years. The risk factors gradually associated with cognitive decline were hypertension, loneliness, and depression. In contrast, the protective factors gradually associated with less cognitive decline were internet use, reading, and intellectually stimulating jobs. Finally, living alone, having diabetes, taking benzodiazepines, and sleeping more than 9 h were statistically significant associated with CI, whereas to do memory training or a family history of dementia was characteristic of patients without CI.
A joint assessment of the influence of psychosocial, clinical, and lifestyle-related factors is needed to develop dementia prevention strategies.
认知障碍（CI）已知由多种风险和保护因素介导，其中许多因素可能是可改变的。因此，开展涉及心理社会、临床和生活方式变量标准评估的最新研究很重要。
我们进行了一项为期24个月的横断面观察性研究，以根据从A到Z的痴呆症知识评估与痴呆症相关的风险和保护因素之间的关系。如果参与者在三项经过验证的CI筛查测试中的至少一项呈阳性，即被视为有CI风险：记忆障碍筛查、简短便携式精神状态问卷和语义语言流畅性测试。从A到Z的数据收集包括地中海饮食依从性筛查器和老年抑郁量表。
在709名平均年龄为69.3±10.3岁的患者样本中，CI的估计患病率为22.6%。与认知能力下降逐渐相关的风险因素是高血压、孤独和抑郁。相比之下，与认知能力下降较少逐渐相关的保护因素是使用互联网、阅读和从事智力刺激工作。最后，独居、患有糖尿病、服用苯二氮䓬类药物以及睡眠时间超过9小时与CI在统计学上显著相关，而进行记忆训练或有痴呆症家族史是无CI患者的特征。
需要对心理社会、临床和生活方式相关因素的影响进行联合评估，以制定痴呆症预防策略。
