Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 Dec;23(12):2349-2356. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2233483. Epub 2023 Jul 30.
Females demonstrate greater fatigue resistance compared to males in tasks ranging from single-limb contractions to whole-body exercise, including running. Many of the studies investigating sex differences in fatigability following running, however, occur after long duration, low-intensity tasks and it is unknown whether there is a sex difference in fatigability following high-intensity running. This study compared fatigability and recovery following a 5 km running time trial in young males and females. Sixteen recreationally active participants (8 males, 8 females, age: 23 ± 4 years) completed a familiarisation and experimental trial. Knee-extensor maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) were performed before and up to 30 min after a 5 km time trial on a treadmill. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded after every kilometre during the time trial. Although not significantly different, males completed the 5 km time trial 15% faster than females (0.095). Heart rate (= 0.843) and RPE (= 0.784) were similar between the sexes during the trial. Prior to running, males had larger MVCs (= 0.014). The relative decrease in MVC force was less in females than males immediately post-exercise (-4.6 ± 2.4% vs. -15.1 ± 3.0%, < 0.001) and at 10-minutes post-exercise (= 0.018). At 20- and 30-minutes recovery, however, relative MVC force was not different between the sexes (≥ 0.129). These data demonstrate that females experienced less fatigability of the knee extensors than males following a high-intensity 5 km running time trial. The findings highlight the need to understand responses to exercise in both sexes and have implications for recovery from training and exercise prescription. Data regarding sex differences in fatigability following high-intensity running is relatively sparse.Therefore, this study quantified the decrease in knee-extensor maximum voluntary contraction force (MVC) following a 5-km self-paced running time trial.Despite similar heart rates and ratings of perceived exertion, the percentage decrease in MVC was three times greater in males compared to females.Relative MVCs remained greater in females compared to males until 20 min post-exercise.
女性在单肢收缩到全身运动等各种任务中表现出比男性更强的抗疲劳能力，包括跑步。然而，许多研究调查了跑步后疲劳性的性别差异，但这些研究都是在长时间、低强度的任务后进行的，目前还不清楚高强度跑步后是否存在疲劳性的性别差异。本研究比较了年轻男性和女性进行 5 公里跑步计时赛后的疲劳性和恢复情况。16 名有经验的参与者（8 名男性，8 名女性，年龄：23±4 岁）完成了熟悉和实验试验。在跑步机上进行 5 公里计时赛后，进行了膝关节伸肌最大自主收缩（MVC）的测试。在计时赛的每公里后，记录心率和感知用力程度（RPE）。尽管没有显著差异，但男性完成 5 公里计时赛的速度比女性快 15%（0.095）。心率（=0.843）和 RPE（=0.784）在试验中男女相似。在跑步前，男性的 MVC 更大（=0.014）。运动后即刻，女性的 MVC 力下降幅度小于男性（-4.6±2.4%对-15.1±3.0%，<0.001），运动后 10 分钟时，女性的 MVC 力下降幅度也小于男性（=0.018）。然而，在 20 分钟和 30 分钟恢复时，男女之间的相对 MVC 力没有差异（≥0.129）。这些数据表明，在高强度 5 公里跑步计时赛后，女性的膝关节伸肌疲劳性比男性小。研究结果强调了需要了解两性对运动的反应，并对训练和运动处方的恢复有影响。关于高强度跑步后疲劳性的性别差异的数据相对较少。因此，本研究量化了 5 公里自我计时赛对膝关节伸肌最大自主收缩力（MVC）的下降。尽管心率和感知用力程度相似，但男性的 MVC 下降百分比是女性的三倍。直到运动后 20 分钟，女性的相对 MVC 仍大于男性。
