Orianne Jean-François
Institut de Recherches en Sciences Sociales, Bâtiment B31 - Quartier Agora, 3 Place des Orateurs, 4000 Liège, Belgique.
Biol Aujourdhui. 2023;217(1-2):65-72. doi: 10.1051/jbio/2023003. Epub 2023 Jul 6.
Is a general theory of memory possible? What contribution can sociology make to this vast scientific project? Two original contributions are presented and discussed in this article: (1) the concept of collective memory (Maurice Halbwachs); (2) the concept of social memory (Niklas Luhmann). The author proposes some important theoretical clarifications. First, memory is neither a stock nor a collection (of past states or events) but rather a continuous operation of sorting between remembering and forgetting. Secondly, collective memory is not social memory: indeed, the former is a specific operation of psychic systems whereas the latter is an operation of communication, specific to social systems. In the particular case of the attacks of November 13, 2015 in Paris, the author shows the function of social memory that the mass media system fulfills and how these operations of filtering meaning condition the construction of traumatic memories.
是否可能存在一种记忆的一般理论？社会学能对这个庞大的科学项目做出什么贡献？本文提出并讨论了两种原创性贡献：（1）集体记忆的概念（莫里斯·哈布瓦赫）；（2）社会记忆的概念（尼克拉斯·卢曼）。作者提出了一些重要的理论阐释。首先，记忆既不是（过去状态或事件的）库存也不是集合，而是在记忆与遗忘之间进行分类的持续运作。其次，集体记忆不是社会记忆：实际上，前者是心理系统的一种特定运作，而后者是社会系统特有的传播运作。在2015年11月13日巴黎袭击事件的特殊案例中，作者展示了大众媒体系统所履行的社会记忆功能，以及这些意义过滤操作如何影响创伤性记忆的构建。
