Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2023 Aug;90(3-4):317-337. doi: 10.1007/s10493-023-00817-z. Epub 2023 Jul 6.
In South Africa, acaricides are widely used for tick control but very few reports are available on resistance development of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus Koch to chemical control on commercial farming systems in Africa, south of the Sahara. Resistance to different acaricide classes reported over the years was mostly from localised communal farming systems. This report addresses the lack of available information on resistance development by reviewing results found during a National Tick Resistance Survey carried out from 1998 to 2001, laying the foundation for more recent research on resistance development, and the evolution of resistance over the years. One hundred and eighty R. decoloratus populations were randomly collected from commercial farming systems, covering most of the provinces of South Africa. Larval immersion tests were used to determine phenotypic resistance for each tick population and 6.6% of the populations tested were found to be resistant to amitraz, 35.5% to cypermethrin, and 36.1% to chlorfenvinphos. Multi-resistance to all three acaricides was found in 1.2% of populations and a further 25.8% of the populations were resistant to two acaricides. The detection of resistance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) species to currently used or new acaricides is an essential tool in resistance management. The acaricides tested for the resistance of R. decoloratus during the survey are currently still in use in South Africa and these historical results, never published before, can be valuable and can act as reference data to determine the evolution of resistance development to acaricides in more recent studies.
在南非，杀蜱剂被广泛用于蜱虫控制，但撒哈拉以南非洲商业农业系统中，关于 Rhpicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus Koch 对化学控制产生抗药性的报告非常少。多年来报告的对不同杀蜱剂类别的抗性主要来自局部社区农业系统。本报告通过审查 1998 年至 2001 年进行的国家蜱虫抗性调查期间发现的结果，解决了缺乏有关抗药性发展的可用信息的问题，为近年来对抗药性发展以及多年来抗药性的演变的研究奠定了基础。从商业农业系统中随机采集了 180 个 Rh. decoloratus 种群，覆盖了南非的大多数省份。幼虫浸浴试验用于确定每个蜱种群的表型抗性，测试的 6.6%的种群对脒唑威具有抗性，35.5%对氯菊酯具有抗性，36.1%对氯氰菊酯具有抗性。在 1.2%的种群中发现了对所有三种杀蜱剂的多抗性，另有 25.8%的种群对两种杀蜱剂具有抗性。检测 Rhpicephalus (Boophilus) 物种对目前使用或新杀蜱剂的抗性是抗性管理的重要工具。在调查期间测试 Rh. decoloratus 抗性的杀蜱剂目前仍在南非使用，这些以前从未发表过的历史结果可以作为有价值的参考数据，以确定在最近的研究中对杀蜱剂抗性的演变。
