Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
SPECTRUM Consortium, United Kingdom.
JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Jul 3;6(7):e2321959. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.21959.
In the last 3 years, people in England have lived through a pandemic and cost-of-living and health care crises, all of which may have contributed to worsening mental health in the population.
To estimate trends in psychological distress among adults over this period and to examine differences by key potential moderators.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A monthly cross-sectional, nationally representative household survey of adults aged 18 years or older was conducted in England between April 2020 and December 2022.
Past-month distress was assessed with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Time trends in any distress (moderate to severe, scores ≥5) and severe distress (scores ≥13) were modeled, and interactions with age, gender, occupational social grade, children in the household, smoking status, and drinking risk status were tested.
Data were collected from 51 861 adults (weighted mean [SD] age, 48.6 [18.5] years; 26 609 women [51.3%]). There was little overall change in the proportion of respondents reporting any distress (from 34.5% to 32.0%; prevalence ratio [PR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87-0.99), but the proportion reporting severe distress increased by 46%, from 5.7% to 8.3% (PR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.21-1.76). Although trends differed by sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, and drinking, the increase in severe distress was observed across all subgroups (with PR estimates ranging from 1.17 to 2.16), with the exception of those aged 65 years and older (PR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.43-1.38); the increase was particularly pronounced since late 2021 among those younger than 25 years (increasing from 13.6% in December 2021 to 20.2% in December 2022).
In this survey study of adults in England, the proportion reporting any psychological distress was similar in December 2022 to that in April 2020 (an extremely difficult and uncertain moment of the COVID-19 pandemic), but the proportion reporting severe distress was 46% higher. These findings provide evidence of a growing mental health crisis in England and underscore an urgent need to address its cause and to adequately fund mental health services.
在过去的 3 年里，英国人经历了一场大流行病、生活成本危机和医疗保健危机，所有这些都可能导致民众的心理健康状况恶化。
评估这一时期成年人心理困扰的趋势，并研究关键潜在调节因素的差异。
设计、地点和参与者：这是一项在英格兰进行的每月横断面、全国代表性的成年人家庭调查，年龄在 18 岁或以上。研究时间为 2020 年 4 月至 2022 年 12 月。
使用 Kessler 心理困扰量表评估过去一个月的困扰程度。对任何困扰（中度至重度，评分≥5）和严重困扰（评分≥13）的时间趋势进行建模，并测试与年龄、性别、职业社会等级、家庭中的儿童、吸烟状况和饮酒风险状况的交互作用。
从 51861 名成年人（加权平均[标准差]年龄，48.6[18.5]岁；26609 名女性[51.3%]）中收集数据。报告任何困扰的受访者比例总体变化不大（从 34.5%降至 32.0%；患病率比[PR]，0.93；95%置信区间，0.87-0.99），但报告严重困扰的比例增加了 46%，从 5.7%增至 8.3%（PR，1.46；95%置信区间，1.21-1.76）。尽管趋势因社会人口特征、吸烟和饮酒而有所不同，但严重困扰的增加在所有亚组中都观察到（PR 估计值范围为 1.17 至 2.16），65 岁及以上年龄组除外（PR，0.79；95%置信区间，0.43-1.38）；自 2021 年底以来，25 岁以下人群的增幅尤为显著（从 2021 年 12 月的 13.6%增至 2022 年 12 月的 20.2%）。
在这项对英格兰成年人的调查研究中，2022 年 12 月报告任何心理困扰的比例与 2020 年 4 月（COVID-19 大流行极其困难和不确定的时刻）相似，但报告严重困扰的比例高 46%。这些发现提供了英格兰不断恶化的心理健康危机的证据，并强调迫切需要解决其根源，并为精神卫生服务提供充足资金。
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