Vision Science Graduate Group and Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
J Vis. 2023 Jul 3;23(7):3. doi: 10.1167/jov.23.7.3.
Perception is influenced by predictions about the sensory environment. These predictions are informed by past experience and can be shaped by exposure to recurring patterns of sensory stimulation. Predictions can enhance perception of a predicted stimulus, but they can also suppress it by favoring novel and unexpected sensory information that is inconsistent with the predictions. Here we employed statistical learning to assess the effects of exposure to consistent sequences of oriented gratings on subsequent visual perceptual selection, as measured with binocular rivalry. Following statistical learning, the first portion of a learned sequence of stimulus orientations was presented to both eyes, followed by simultaneous presentation of the next grating in the sequence to one eye and an orthogonal unexpected orientation to the other eye. We found that subjects were more likely to perceive the grating that matched the orientation that was consistent with the predictive context. That is, observers were more likely to see what they expected to see, compared to the likelihood of perceiving the unexpected stimulus. Some other studies in the literature have reported the opposite effect of prediction on visual perceptual selection, and we suggest that these inconsistencies may be due to differences across studies in the level of the visual processing hierarchy at which competing perceptual interpretations are resolved.
感知受到对感官环境的预测的影响。这些预测是基于过去的经验，并可以通过对重复的感官刺激模式的暴露来塑造。预测可以增强对预测刺激的感知，但也可以通过偏爱与预测不一致的新颖和意外的感官信息来抑制它。在这里，我们利用统计学习来评估暴露于一致的定向光栅序列对随后的视觉感知选择的影响，如双眼竞争测量所示。在统计学习之后，学习序列的前一部分刺激方向被呈现给两只眼睛，然后同时将序列中的下一个光栅呈现给一只眼睛，将另一只眼睛呈现出正交的意外方向。我们发现，与感知意外刺激的可能性相比，受试者更有可能感知与预测环境一致的光栅。也就是说，观察者更有可能看到他们预期看到的东西，而不是看到意外的刺激。文献中的其他一些研究报告了预测对视觉感知选择的相反影响，我们认为这些不一致可能是由于不同研究在解决竞争感知解释的视觉处理层次上的差异所致。
