Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2023 Sep 1;325(3):H433-H448. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00276.2023. Epub 2023 Jul 7.
Chronic and uncleared inflammation is the root cause of various cardiovascular diseases. Fundamentally, acute inflammation is supportive when overlapping with safe clearance of inflammation termed resolution; however, if the lifestyle-directed extrinsic factors such as diet, sleep, exercise, or physical activity are misaligned, that results in unresolved inflammation. Although genetics play a critical role in cardiovascular health, four extrinsic risk factors-unhealthy processed diet, sleep disruption or fragmentation, sedentary lifestyle, thereby, subsequent stress-have been identified as heterogeneous and polygenic triggers of heart failure (HF), which can result in several complications with indications of chronic inflammation. Extrinsic risk factors directly impact endogenous intrinsic factors, such as using fatty acids by immune-responsive enzymes [lipoxygenases (LOXs)/cyclooxygenases (COXs)/cytochromes-P450 (CYP450)] to form resolution mediators that activate specific resolution receptors. Thus, the balance of extrinsic factors such as diet, sleep, and physical activity feed-forward the coordination of intrinsic factors such as fatty acids-enzymes-bioactive lipid receptors that modulates the immune defense, metabolic health, inflammation-resolution signaling, and cardiac health. Future research on lifestyle- and aging-associated molecular patterns is warranted in the context of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, immune fitness, inflammation-resolution signaling, and cardiac health.
慢性且未清除的炎症是各种心血管疾病的根本原因。从根本上讲，急性炎症在与安全清除炎症（称为解决）重叠时是有益的；然而，如果饮食、睡眠、运动或体育活动等生活方式导向的外在因素错位，就会导致未解决的炎症。尽管遗传在心血管健康中起着关键作用，但有四个外在风险因素——不健康的加工饮食、睡眠中断或碎片化、久坐不动的生活方式，以及随后的压力——已被确定为心力衰竭 (HF) 的异质和多基因触发因素，这可能导致几种伴有慢性炎症迹象的并发症。外在风险因素直接影响内在固有因素，例如使用免疫反应性酶（脂氧合酶 [LOX]/环氧化酶 [COX]/细胞色素 P450 [CYP450]）的脂肪酸形成解决介质，激活特定的解决受体。因此，饮食、睡眠和体育活动等外在因素的平衡可以促进内在因素（如脂肪酸-酶-生物活性脂质受体）的协调，从而调节免疫防御、代谢健康、炎症解决信号和心脏健康。在内在和外在因素、免疫适应性、炎症解决信号和心脏健康方面，有必要对与生活方式和衰老相关的分子模式进行未来研究。
