Lowe N J
Br J Dermatol. 1986 Aug;115 Suppl 31:86-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02116.x.
This paper reviews some potential mechanisms of cutaneous phototoxicity and discusses selected methods of predicting and ranking phototoxic reactions. Phototoxicity is a non-immunological reaction that is induced by the action of light on a photoactive chemical. The phototoxic chemical may be either exogenous or endogenous, and if exogenous may include topical or systemic agents. Examples of phototoxic agents include psoralens (e.g. 5-methoxypsoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, as well as the isopsoralens). Psoralens are used therapeutically for the treatment of different skin diseases and psoralen-like chemicals may be present in perfumes and cosmetics. Phototoxic reactions can be evaluated visually in animals. The hairless mouse has also proved useful with skin thickening as a marker of dermal oedema and the induction of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, as well as other biochemical changes being indicative of cutaneous phototoxicity. In vitro tests of phototoxicity include the Candida albicans assay as well as bacterial mutagenicity. For example, in the latter category different psoralens vary in their ability to induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains, an assay which can provide rapid screening of potential phototoxicity of chemicals. For human testing, phototoxic chemicals can be delivered topically or orally, and in conjunction with appropriate ultraviolet radiation will produce phototoxic reactions which can be evaluated for intensity of response.
本文综述了皮肤光毒性的一些潜在机制，并讨论了预测和分级光毒性反应的特定方法。光毒性是一种非免疫反应，由光对光活性化学物质的作用诱导产生。光毒性化学物质可以是外源性的，也可以是内源性的；若是外源性的，则可能包括局部用药或全身用药。光毒性药物的例子包括补骨脂素（如5-甲氧基补骨脂素、8-甲氧基补骨脂素以及异补骨脂素）。补骨脂素被用于治疗不同的皮肤疾病，并且补骨脂素样化学物质可能存在于香水和化妆品中。光毒性反应可以在动物身上通过肉眼进行评估。无毛小鼠也已被证明是有用的，其皮肤增厚可作为真皮水肿的标志物，多胺生物合成酶的诱导以及其他生化变化可表明皮肤光毒性。光毒性的体外试验包括白色念珠菌试验以及细菌致突变性试验。例如，在后一类试验中，不同的补骨脂素在诱导鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株致突变性的能力方面存在差异，该试验可以快速筛选化学物质的潜在光毒性。对于人体试验，光毒性化学物质可以局部给药或口服给药，并且与适当的紫外线辐射一起会产生光毒性反应，可对其反应强度进行评估。
