Defense Health Agency.
MSMR. 2023 Apr 20;30(4):8-12.
Exertional rhabdomyolysis is a pathologic muscle breakdown associated with strenuous physical activity. A largely preventable condition, it persists as an occupational hazard of military training and operations, especially in high heat environments among individuals exerting themselves to endurance limits. During the 5-year surveillance period, unadjusted incidence rates of exertional rhabdomyolysis among U.S. service members declined by approximately 15%, from 43.1 cases per 100,000 person-years (p-yrs) in 2018 to 36.5 cases per 100,000 p-yrs in 2022. Consistent with prior reports, subgroup- specific rates in 2022 were highest among men, those younger than 20 years, non-Hispanic Black service members, Marine Corps or Army members, and those in combat-specific and "other" occupations. Recruit trainees had the highest rates of exertional rhabdomyolysis in 2021 and 2022, with incidence rates 10 times higher than all other service members. Prompt recognition of the symptoms of exertional rhabdomyolysis (muscular pain or swelling, limited range of motion, or the excretion of darkened urine after strenuous physical activity, especially in hot, humid weather) by health care providers is crucial to avoid the most severe consequences of this potentially life-threatening condition.
运动性横纹肌溶解症是一种与剧烈体力活动相关的病理性肌肉破裂。作为一种在很大程度上可预防的疾病，它仍然是军事训练和行动中的职业危害，特别是在高温环境下，个体的耐力达到极限时。在 5 年的监测期间，美国军人中运动性横纹肌溶解症的未经调整发病率下降了约 15%，从 2018 年的每 10 万人年 43.1 例降至 2022 年的每 10 万人年 36.5 例。与之前的报告一致，2022 年特定亚组的发病率在男性、20 岁以下、非西班牙裔黑人军人、海军陆战队或陆军军人以及从事特定战斗和“其他”职业的军人中最高。新兵在 2021 年和 2022 年的运动性横纹肌溶解症发病率最高，发病率比所有其他军人高 10 倍。卫生保健提供者及时识别运动性横纹肌溶解症的症状（剧烈体力活动后肌肉疼痛或肿胀、运动范围受限或尿液变暗，特别是在炎热、潮湿的天气下）对于避免这种潜在危及生命的疾病的最严重后果至关重要。
