Prentice R L
Biometrics. 1986 Jun;42(2):301-10.
A design is proposed for "case-control within cohort" studies. In this design, controls are sampled without replacement from failure-free members of the cohort at each distinct failure time. Upon selection, a subject ceases to be eligible for control selection at later failure times. Also, if a subject failing at time t had been selected as a control at t' less than t, then the matched controls at t are selected to have also been at risk at t'. In these circumstances correlation exists between score statistic contributions at t and t'. An estimator is developed for this correlation. A small simulation study compares the design just described to other possible synthetic case-control designs.
本文提出了一种用于“队列内病例对照”研究的设计。在这种设计中，在每个不同的失效时间，从队列中无失效的成员中不放回地抽取对照。一旦被选中，一个受试者在后续的失效时间就不再有资格被选作对照。此外，如果一个在时间t失效的受试者在t'（t'<t）时被选作对照，那么在时间t时匹配的对照被选择为在t'时也处于风险中。在这些情况下，时间t和t'处的得分统计贡献之间存在相关性。针对这种相关性开发了一种估计器。一项小型模拟研究将刚刚描述的设计与其他可能的综合病例对照设计进行了比较。
