Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 740272, Nigeria.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jun 6;23(12):5359. doi: 10.3390/s23125359.
In this study, a novel reconfigurable triple-band monopole antenna for LoRa IoT applications is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate. The proposed antenna is designed to function at three distinct LoRa frequency bands: 433 MHz, 868 MHz, and 915 MHz covering the LoRa bands in Europe, America, and Asia. The antenna is reconfigurable by using a PIN diode switching mechanism, which allows for the selection of the desired operating frequency band based on the state of the diodes. The antenna is designed using CST MWS software 2019 and optimized for maximum gain, good radiation pattern and efficiency. The antenna with a total dimension of 80 mm × 50 mm × 0.6 mm (0.12λ0×0.07λ0 × 0.001λ0 at 433 MHz) has a gain of 2 dBi, 1.9 dBi, and 1.9 dBi at 433 MHz, 868 MHz, and 915 MHz, respectively, with an omnidirectional H-plane radiation pattern and a radiation efficiency above 90% across the three frequency bands. The fabrication and measurement of the antenna have been carried out, and the results of simulation and measurements are compared. The agreement among the simulation and measurement results confirms the design's accuracy and the antenna's suitability for LoRa IoT applications, particularly in providing a compact, flexible, and energy efficient communication solution for different LoRa frequency bands.
在这项研究中，我们在 FR-4 基底上制造了一种用于 LoRa IoT 应用的新型可重构三频单极天线。所提出的天线设计用于在三个不同的 LoRa 频带工作：433MHz、868MHz 和 915MHz，涵盖了欧洲、美洲和亚洲的 LoRa 频带。天线通过使用 PIN 二极管开关机制进行可重构，该机制允许根据二极管的状态选择所需的工作频带。该天线使用 CST MWS 软件 2019 进行设计，并针对最大增益、良好的辐射模式和效率进行了优化。天线的总尺寸为 80mm×50mm×0.6mm（在 433MHz 时为 0.12λ0×0.07λ0×0.001λ0），在 433MHz、868MHz 和 915MHz 时的增益分别为 2dBi、1.9dBi 和 1.9dBi，具有全向 H 面辐射模式和在三个频带中辐射效率均高于 90%。已经进行了天线的制造和测量，并且比较了仿真和测量的结果。仿真和测量结果之间的一致性证实了设计的准确性和天线对 LoRa IoT 应用的适用性，特别是在为不同的 LoRa 频带提供紧凑、灵活和节能的通信解决方案方面。
