School of Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Mining for Minerals Resources, Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jun 10;23(12):5477. doi: 10.3390/s23125477.
The China Society of Explosives and Blasting required a larger than 20% annual increase in the national use of digital electronic detonators since 2018. So, this article conducted a large number of on-site tests and then used the Hilbert-Huang Transform method to analyze and compare the vibration signals of digital electronic and nonel detonators during the excavation process of minor cross-sectional rock roadways from the perspective of time, frequency, and energy. Then, through vibration energy analysis, identification of actual delay time, and formula derivation, it was proved that the delay time error of the detonator can control vibration wave random interference and reduce vibration. The analysis results showed that when using a segmented simultaneous blasting network for excavation in small-sectioned rock tunnels, nonel detonators may provide more excellent protection to structures than digital electronic detonators. In the same segment, the timing error of nonel detonators produces a vibration wave with a random superposition damping effect, resulting in an average vibration reduction of 19.4% per segment compared to digital electronic detonators. However, digital electronic detonators are superior to nonel detonators for the fragmentation effect on rock. The research conducted in this paper has the potential to facilitate a more rational and comprehensive promotion of digital electronic detonators in China.
中国工程爆破协会要求自 2018 年起，全国范围内数字电子雷管的年用量增长率需超过 20%。因此，本文从时间、频率和能量的角度，对小断面岩巷掘进过程中数字电子雷管和导爆管雷管的振动信号进行了大量现场测试，然后利用希尔伯特-黄变换方法进行分析和对比。接着，通过振动能量分析、实际延迟时间识别和公式推导，证明了雷管延迟时间误差可以控制振动波的随机干扰，从而降低振动。分析结果表明，在小断面岩巷掘进中采用分段同段爆破网络时，导爆管雷管可能比数字电子雷管为结构物提供更好的保护。在同一分段中，导爆管雷管的定时误差产生具有随机叠加阻尼效果的振动波，与数字电子雷管相比，每分段的平均减振效果提高了 19.4%。然而，数字电子雷管在岩石破碎效果方面优于导爆管雷管。本文的研究为在中国更合理、更全面地推广数字电子雷管提供了参考。
