Flexible Seven-in-One Microsensor Embedded in High-Pressure Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer for Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring.

The voltage, current, temperature, humidity, pressure, flow, and hydrogen in the high-pressure proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) can influence its performance and life. For example, if the temperature is too low to reach the working temperature of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), the performance of the high-pressure PEMWE cannot be enhanced. However, if the temperature is too high, the MEA may be damaged. In this study, the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology was used to innovate and develop a high-pressure-resistant flexible seven-in-one (voltage, current, temperature, humidity, pressure, flow, and hydrogen) microsensor. It was embedded in the upstream, midstream, and downstream of the anode and cathode of the high-pressure PEMWE and the MEA for the real-time microscopic monitoring of internal data. The aging or damage of the high-pressure PEMWE was observed through the changes in the voltage, current, humidity, and flow data. The over-etching phenomenon was likely to occur when this research team used wet etching to make microsensors. The back-end circuit integration was unlikely to be normalized. Therefore, this study used lift-off process to further stabilize the quality of the microsensor. In addition, the PEMWE is more prone to aging and damage under high pressure, so its material selection is very important.