Zimrin H
Child Abuse Negl. 1986;10(3):339-49. doi: 10.1016/0145-2134(86)90009-8.
This article examines the extent to which a general understanding of an individual's reaction to extreme stress situations and patterns of coping can help in the understanding of personal and situational factors which are crucial for successful coping and survival of abused children. During a 14-year follow-up study, abused children who managed to survive the trauma of their childhood and grow up to be well-adjusted individuals were compared with a matched group of children who show, after 14 years, a high degree of psychosocial pathology. The variables which distinguished the two groups were fatalism, self-esteem, cognitive abilities, self-destructiveness, hope and fantasy, behavior patterns and external support. There were no significant differences between the groups as to difficulties in emotional expression in object relations and in their high degree of aggression. Lazarus' model of stress and coping was used to show the dynamics by which children utilize their personal and situational characteristics to survive and avoid future psychological and developmental damage. Implications of the findings for treatment and therapeutic assignments are indicated.
本文探讨了对个体在极端压力情境下的反应及应对模式的一般理解，在何种程度上有助于理解对受虐儿童成功应对及生存至关重要的个人和情境因素。在一项为期14年的随访研究中，将那些成功度过童年创伤并成长为适应良好个体的受虐儿童，与一组在14年后表现出高度心理社会病态的匹配儿童进行了比较。区分这两组儿童的变量包括宿命论、自尊、认知能力、自我毁灭倾向、希望与幻想、行为模式及外部支持。在客体关系中的情感表达困难以及高度攻击性方面，两组之间没有显著差异。运用拉扎勒斯的压力与应对模型，展示了儿童利用其个人和情境特征来生存并避免未来心理及发展损伤的动态过程。文中指出了这些研究结果对治疗及治疗任务分配的启示。
