State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2023;95(2):603-613. doi: 10.3233/JAD-230291.
Characterizing the periodontal status of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), investigating differences in salivary metabolism between patients with and without AD under the same periodontal conditions, and understanding how it is related to oral flora are critical.
We aimed to examine the periodontal condition of patients with AD and to screen salivary metabolic biomarkers from the saliva of individuals with and without AD with matched periodontal conditions. Furthermore, we aimed to explore the possible relationship between salivary metabolic changes and oral flora.
In total, 79 individuals were recruited into the experiment for periodontal analysis. Especially, 30 saliva samples from the AD group and 30 from healthy controls (HCs) with matched periodontal conditions were selected for metabolomic analysis. The random-forest algorithm was used to detect candidate biomarkers. Among these, 19 AD saliva and 19 HC samples were selected to investigate the microbiological factors influencing the alterations in saliva metabolism in patients with AD.
The plaque index and bleeding on probing were considerably higher in the AD group. Further, Cis-3-(1-carboxy-ethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol, dodecanoic acid, genipic acid, and N, N-dimethylthanolamine N-oxide were determined as candidate biomarkers, based on the area under the curve (AUC) value (AUC = 0.95). The results of oral-flora sequencing showed that dysbacteriosis may be a reason for the differences in AD saliva metabolism.
Dysregulation of the proportion of specific bacterial flora in saliva plays a vital role in metabolic changes in AD. These results will contribute to further improving the AD saliva biomarker system.
描述阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者的牙周状况，在相同牙周条件下比较 AD 患者和非 AD 患者唾液代谢的差异，并了解其与口腔菌群的关系，这是至关重要的。
我们旨在检查 AD 患者的牙周状况，并从牙周状况匹配的 AD 患者和非 AD 个体的唾液中筛选唾液代谢生物标志物。此外，我们旨在探索唾液代谢变化与口腔菌群之间的可能关系。
共有 79 人参与了本实验的牙周分析。特别是，从 AD 组中选择了 30 个唾液样本，从健康对照组（HCs）中选择了 30 个匹配牙周状况的唾液样本进行代谢组学分析。使用随机森林算法来检测候选生物标志物。在这些生物标志物中，选择了 19 个 AD 唾液样本和 19 个 HC 样本，以研究影响 AD 患者唾液代谢变化的微生物因素。
AD 组的菌斑指数和探诊出血明显更高。此外，基于曲线下面积（AUC）值（AUC=0.95），确定 Cis-3-（1-羧乙基）-3,5-环己二烯-1,2-二醇、十二烷酸、京尼平酸和 N,N-二甲基乙醇胺 N-氧化物为候选生物标志物。口腔菌群测序结果表明，菌群失调可能是 AD 唾液代谢差异的原因之一。
唾液中特定细菌菌群比例的失调在 AD 的代谢变化中起着重要作用。这些结果将有助于进一步完善 AD 唾液生物标志物系统。
