Burkhardt Jonathan B, Mino John, Shang Feng, Platten William E
Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
AWWA Water Sci. 2023 Jun 2;5(3). doi: 10.1002/aws2.1344.
Modeling premise plumbing systems requires accurate treatment of fixture-specific pressure and flow rate relationships. Each fixture in a building may experience different flow rates based on variable service pressure, its unique pressure-flow behavior, and demands throughout the building. Unique experimentally derived pressure-flow parameters for four faucets, a shower/tub fixture, and toilet were developed. The Water Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR) was also used to explore the impact of premise plumbing systems on water distribution systems through two simple skeletonization cases. Minimum pressures for nodes in water distribution system models that represent demand aggregated premise plumbing systems will likely be non-zero and must capture additional pressure drop or elevation differences at the building scale and associated components, such as water meters or backflow preventers. Results showed that flow rates are impacted by pressure in these systems in complex ways, and usage and system characteristics must be considered to be modeled accurately.
对建筑物内部管道系统进行建模需要精确处理特定洁具的压力与流量关系。建筑物中的每个洁具可能会因可变的服务压力、其独特的压力-流量特性以及整个建筑物的用水需求而经历不同的流量。针对四个水龙头、一个淋浴/浴缸洁具和马桶，开发了独特的通过实验得出的压力-流量参数。还使用了弹性水网工具（WNTR），通过两个简单的简化案例来探究建筑物内部管道系统对供水系统的影响。在代表需求汇总的建筑物内部管道系统的供水系统模型中，节点的最小压力可能非零，并且必须考虑建筑物规模及相关组件（如水表或防回流装置）处的额外压降或高程差。结果表明，这些系统中的流量受压力的影响方式复杂，必须考虑用水情况和系统特性才能进行准确建模。
