Hadeiy Seyed Kaveh, Habtemariam Solomon, Shankayi Zeinab, Shahyad Shima, Sahraei Hedayat, Asghardoust Rezaei Milad, Bahrami Farideh
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sleep Med X. 2023 Mar 23;5:100069. doi: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2023.100069. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Sleep disorders are accompanied by increased anxiety and somatic pain. In addition, it has been observed that anxiety and pain have a boosting effect on each other, resulting in continued sleep disturbances. Amygdala's (CeA) central nucleus plays a crucial role in these processes. Cinnamaldehyde (Cinn) is an aromatic compound with anti-anxiety, antioxidant, and sleep-promoting properties. The present study uses sleep-deprived rats to examine the effects of an intra-CeA injection of Cinn on pain and anxiety.
Sleep deprivation (SD) was induced using the platform technique. 35 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Anxiety state and nociception were evaluated among groups using formalin test (F.T.), open field test (OFT), and elevated plus maze (EPM). Anxiety tests (OFT and EPM) were conducted in all groups. The first group was undergone FT without induction of SD (SDFT). The second group received SD without FT(SDFT). The third group received both SD and FT(SDFT). The treatment and vehicle groups have undergone both SD and FT in addition to the respectively intra-CeA injection of Cinn (SDFT Cinn) and Cinn vehicle (SDFT VC). The recorded behaviors were analyzed between groups using IBM SPSS 24th version.
SD did not lead to any significant difference in nociceptive behaviors in FT between groups SDFT and SDFT (P ≥ 0.05). At the same time, there was a considerable discrepancy in rearing behaviors (P < 0.006) and the number of fecal boli (P < 0.004) recorded in OFM between these groups. Treatment with Cinn led to decreased nociception (P < 0.038), decreased rearing behaviors (P < 0.01), and reduced defecation (P < 0.004) in group SD + FT+ Cinn in comparison to the group SDFT. There were no differences in anxiety test results between the first and second groups (P ≥ 0.05).
SD can lead to elevated anxiety, while intra-CeA injection of Cinn ameliorated both perceptions of acute pain and anxiety. Besides, the conduction of FT before the anxiety test led to no disturbance in the results of anxiety tests.
睡眠障碍伴随着焦虑和躯体疼痛的增加。此外，人们观察到焦虑和疼痛相互促进，导致持续的睡眠障碍。杏仁核中央核（CeA）在这些过程中起关键作用。肉桂醛（Cinn）是一种具有抗焦虑、抗氧化和促进睡眠特性的芳香化合物。本研究使用睡眠剥夺大鼠来研究向CeA内注射肉桂醛对疼痛和焦虑的影响。
采用平台技术诱导睡眠剥夺（SD）。将35只雄性Wistar大鼠分为五组。使用福尔马林试验（F.T.）、旷场试验（OFT）和高架十字迷宫（EPM）对各组的焦虑状态和痛觉感受进行评估。对所有组进行焦虑测试（OFT和EPM）。第一组在未诱导SD的情况下进行FT（SDFT）。第二组接受SD但未进行FT（SDFT）。第三组同时接受SD和FT（SDFT）。除了分别向CeA内注射肉桂醛（SDFT Cinn）和肉桂醛载体（SDFT VC）外，治疗组和载体组均接受了SD和FT。使用IBM SPSS 24版对组间记录的行为进行分析。
SD在SDFT组和SDFT组之间未导致FT中痛觉感受行为的任何显著差异（P≥0.05）。同时，这些组在OFT中记录的直立行为（P<0.006）和粪便颗粒数量（P<0.004）存在相当大的差异。与SDFT组相比，肉桂醛治疗导致SD+FT+Cinn组的痛觉感受降低（P<0.038）、直立行为减少（P<0.01）和排便减少（P<0.004）。第一组和第二组之间的焦虑测试结果没有差异（P≥0.05）。
SD可导致焦虑增加，而向CeA内注射肉桂醛可改善急性疼痛和焦虑的感觉。此外，在焦虑测试前进行FT不会干扰焦虑测试结果。
