Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2024 Jun;59(6):899-915. doi: 10.1007/s00127-023-02527-8. Epub 2023 Jul 10.
The aim of this literature review is to examine evidence of time trends and birth cohort effects in depressive disorders and symptoms among US adolescents in peer-reviewed articles from January 2004 to April 2022.
We conducted an integrative systematic literature review. Three reviewers participated at different stages of article review. Of the 2234 articles identified in three databases (Pubmed, ProQuest Central, Ebscohost), 10 met inclusion criteria (i.e., adolescent aged United States populations, included information about birth cohort and survey year, focused on depressive symptoms/disorders).
All 10 articles observed increases in depressive symptoms and disorders in adolescents across recent survey years with increases observed between 1991 and 2020. Of the 3 articles that assessed birth cohort trends, birth cohort trends were less prominent than time period trends. Proposed explanations for increases included social media, economic-related reasons, changes in mental health screening and diagnosis, declining mental health stigma, increased treatment, and, in more recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic.
Multiple cross-sectional surveys and cohort studies documented rising prevalence of depressive symptoms and disorder among adolescents from 1991 to 2020. Mechanisms driving this increase are still unknown. Research to identify these mechanisms is needed to inform depression screening and intervention efforts for adolescents.
本文献综述旨在研究美国青少年抑郁障碍和症状的时间趋势和出生队列效应的证据，研究对象为 2004 年 1 月至 2022 年 4 月期间同行评审文章中的美国青少年。
我们进行了综合系统的文献综述。三位评审员在文章评审的不同阶段参与了评审。在三个数据库（Pubmed、ProQuest Central、Ebscohost）中，共检索到 2234 篇文章，其中 10 篇符合纳入标准（即：青少年年龄的美国人群，包括出生队列和调查年份的信息，重点关注抑郁症状/障碍）。
所有 10 篇文章都观察到青少年抑郁症状和障碍在最近的调查年份中有所增加，并且这种增加是从 1991 年到 2020 年观察到的。在 3 篇评估出生队列趋势的文章中，出生队列趋势不如时间趋势明显。对于增加的原因，提出的解释包括社交媒体、经济相关原因、心理健康筛查和诊断的变化、心理健康耻辱感的下降、治疗的增加，以及近年来新冠疫情的影响。
多项横断面调查和队列研究记录了 1991 年至 2020 年期间青少年抑郁症状和障碍的患病率上升。导致这种增加的机制尚不清楚。需要开展研究以确定这些机制，为青少年的抑郁筛查和干预措施提供信息。
