Jones Christopher M, Ferguson Stuart G, O'Connor Daryl B, Schüz Benjamin
Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen.
School of Medicine, University of Tasmania.
Health Psychol. 2024 Jan;43(1):19-33. doi: 10.1037/hea0001305. Epub 2023 Jul 10.
Adhering to behavioral recommendations and nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) is a key to control COVID-19 infection rates. However, rates have decreased globally, and potentially modifiable determinants of ongoing adherence and their interaction with social and physical momentary environments are still poorly understood. Here, we comprehensively examine within-person variations and between-person differences in known behavioral determinants (capability and motivation), as well as the moderating role of situational variable environmental factors (opportunity) in predicting adherence to hygiene and social distancing behaviors.
Ecological momentary assessment study over 6 months with monthly assessment bouts (4 days each and five daily assessments) in 623 German adults. Repeated daily assessments of capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior (COM-B) model factors. Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models were estimated to examine main effects of COM-B factors and moderating effects of momentary environmental factors.
Momentary adherence to NPIs was predicted by within-person changes in COM-B factors (motivation: intentions, goal conflict, and control beliefs; opportunities: regulations and norms). Between-person differences in capabilities (habit strength) and motivation (intentions and control beliefs) predicted adherence across situations. Situation-specific environmental factors moderated the motivation-behavior association (regulation measures increased; goal conflict and nonadherent others decreased the association).
Individual momentary (within-person) and stable (between-person) motivation indicators predicted adherence. However, situational environmental factors such as regulations or norms have strong main effects and moderate the motivation-behavior translation. These findings have policy implications, supporting recent claims to not rely on the narrative of "personal responsibility," but instead combine health education measures to increase individual motivation with consistent regulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
遵守行为建议和非药物干预措施（NPIs）是控制新冠病毒感染率的关键。然而，全球感染率已有所下降，对于持续遵守这些措施的潜在可改变决定因素以及它们与社会和实际即时环境的相互作用，我们仍知之甚少。在此，我们全面研究了已知行为决定因素（能力和动机）的个体内差异和个体间差异，以及情境变量环境因素（机会）在预测卫生和社交距离行为遵守情况方面的调节作用。
对623名德国成年人进行为期6个月的生态瞬时评估研究，每月进行一次评估周期（每次4天，每天进行5次评估）。对能力、机会、动机和行为（COM-B）模型因素进行每日重复评估。采用贝叶斯多级逻辑回归模型来检验COM-B因素的主效应和瞬时环境因素的调节效应。
COM-B因素的个体内变化（动机：意图、目标冲突和控制信念；机会：规定和规范）可预测对NPIs的瞬时遵守情况。能力（习惯强度）和动机（意图和控制信念）的个体间差异可预测不同情境下的遵守情况。特定情境的环境因素调节了动机与行为之间的关联（规定措施增强；目标冲突和不遵守规定的他人会削弱这种关联）。
个体的瞬时（个体内）和稳定（个体间）动机指标可预测遵守情况。然而，诸如规定或规范等情境环境因素具有很强的主效应，并调节了动机向行为的转化。这些发现具有政策意义，支持了近期的观点，即不应依赖“个人责任”的说法，而应将增强个体动机的健康教育措施与一致的规定相结合。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2023美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
