Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Mol Microbiol. 2023 Aug;120(2):194-209. doi: 10.1111/mmi.15120. Epub 2023 Jul 10.
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic and versatile organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. LDs consist of a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids, a phospholipid monolayer coat, and a variety of associated proteins. LDs are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum and have diverse roles in lipid storage, energy metabolism, membrane trafficking, and cellular signaling. In addition to their physiological cellular functions, LDs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer, and infections. A number of intracellular bacterial pathogens modulate and/or interact with LDs during host cell infection. Members of the genera Mycobacterium, Legionella, Coxiella, Chlamydia, and Salmonella exploit LDs as a source of intracellular nutrients and membrane components to establish their distinct intracellular replicative niches. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis, interactions, and functions of LDs, as well as on their role in lipid metabolism of intracellular bacterial pathogens.
脂滴（LDs）是存在于大多数真核细胞中的动态且多功能的细胞器。LDs 由中性脂质的疏水核心、磷脂单层涂层和各种相关蛋白组成。LDs 在内质网上形成，在脂质储存、能量代谢、膜运输和细胞信号传导等方面具有多种功能。除了其生理细胞功能外，LDs 还与多种疾病的发病机制有关，包括代谢紊乱、癌症和感染。许多细胞内细菌病原体在宿主细胞感染过程中调节和/或与 LDs 相互作用。分枝杆菌属、军团菌属、柯克斯体属、衣原体属和沙门氏菌属的成员将 LDs 用作细胞内营养物质和膜成分的来源，以建立其独特的细胞内复制小生境。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍 LDs 的生物发生、相互作用和功能，以及它们在细胞内细菌病原体的脂质代谢中的作用。
