Angara Rajendra Kumar, Sladek Margaret F, Gilk Stacey D
Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Contact (Thousand Oaks). 2024 Dec 18;7:25152564241304196. doi: 10.1177/25152564241304196. eCollection 2024 Jan-Dec.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lipid droplets (LDs) are essential organelles involved in lipid synthesis, storage, and transport. Physical membrane contacts between the ER and LDs facilitate lipid and protein exchange and thus play a critical role in regulating cellular lipid homeostasis. Recent research has revealed that ER-LD membrane contact sites are targeted by pathogens seeking to exploit host lipid metabolic processes. Both viruses and bacteria manipulate ER-LD membrane contact sites to enhance their replication and survival within the host. This review discusses the research advancements elucidating the mechanisms by which pathogens manipulate the ER-LD contacts through protein molecular mimicry and host cell protein manipulation, thereby hijacking host lipid metabolic processes to facilitate pathogenesis. Understanding the crosstalk between ER and LDs during infection provides deeper insight into host lipid regulation and uncovers potential therapeutic targets for treating infectious diseases.
内质网（ER）和脂滴（LDs）是参与脂质合成、储存和运输的重要细胞器。内质网与脂滴之间的物理膜接触促进了脂质和蛋白质的交换，因此在调节细胞脂质稳态中起着关键作用。最近的研究表明，内质网 - 脂滴膜接触位点成为试图利用宿主脂质代谢过程的病原体的攻击目标。病毒和细菌都会操纵内质网 - 脂滴膜接触位点，以增强它们在宿主体内的复制和存活能力。这篇综述讨论了相关研究进展，这些进展阐明了病原体通过蛋白质分子模拟和宿主细胞蛋白质操纵来操控内质网 - 脂滴接触的机制，从而劫持宿主脂质代谢过程以促进发病机制。了解感染期间内质网与脂滴之间的相互作用，能更深入地洞察宿主脂质调节，并揭示治疗传染病的潜在治疗靶点。
