Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA.
Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Apr 25;15(9):2072. doi: 10.3390/nu15092072.
Obesity in the United States continues to worsen. Anthocyanin-rich fruits and vegetables provide a pragmatic dietary approach to slow its metabolic complications. Given American diet patterns, foods with high anthocyanin content could address dose-response challenges. The study objective was to determine the effect of 100% elderberry juice on measures of indirect calorimetry (IC) and insulin sensitivity/glucose tolerance in a placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover pilot study. Overweight and obese adults were randomized to a 5-week study which included 2 1-week periods of twice-daily elderberry juice (EBJ) or sugar-matched placebo consumption separated by a 3-week washout period. Following each 1-week test period, IC and insulin sensitivity/glucose tolerance was measured with a 3 h meal tolerance test (MTT). Treatment differences were tested with linear mixed modeling. A total of 22 prospective study volunteers (18 F/4 M) attended recruitment meetings, and 9 were analyzed for treatment differences. EBJ was well tolerated and compliance was 99.6%. A total of 6 IC measures (intervals) were created, which coincided with 10-20 min gaseous samplings in-between MTT blood samplings. Average CHO oxidation was significantly higher during the MTT after 1-week EBJ consumption (3.38 vs. 2.88 g per interval, EBJ vs. placebo, = 0.0113). Conversely, average fat oxidation was significantly higher during the MTT after 1-week placebo consumption (1.17 vs. 1.47 g per interval, EBJ vs. placebo, = 0.0189). This was in-line with a significantly lower average respiratory quotient after placebo treatment (0.87 vs. 0.84, EBJ vs. placebo, = 0.0114). Energy expenditure was not different. There was no difference in serum glucose or insulin response between treatments. This pilot study of free-living volunteers describes significant change in IC but not insulin sensitivity with an EBJ intervention. Controlled feeding and increased sample size will help determine the utility of EBJ on these outcomes.
美国的肥胖问题持续恶化。富含花青素的水果和蔬菜为减缓其代谢并发症提供了一种切实可行的饮食方法。考虑到美国人的饮食模式，高花青素含量的食物可以解决剂量反应的挑战。本研究的目的是确定 100%接骨木莓汁对间接测热法（IC）和胰岛素敏感性/葡萄糖耐量的影响，这是一项安慰剂对照、随机、交叉先导研究。超重和肥胖成年人被随机分为为期 5 周的研究，包括 2 个为期 1 周的每天 2 次接骨木莓汁（EBJ）或糖匹配安慰剂摄入期，中间间隔 3 周洗脱期。每个为期 1 周的测试期后，通过 3 小时膳食耐量试验（MTT）测量 IC 和胰岛素敏感性/葡萄糖耐量。使用线性混合模型测试治疗差异。共有 22 名 prospective 研究志愿者（18 名女性/4 名男性）参加了招募会议，其中 9 名被分析用于治疗差异。EBJ 耐受性良好，依从性为 99.6%。共创建了 6 个 IC 测量值（间隔），这与 MTT 血液采样之间的 10-20 分钟气体采样相对应。在 1 周 EBJ 消耗后的 MTT 中，CHO 氧化的平均水平显著升高（3.38 与 2.88 克/间隔，EBJ 与安慰剂，=0.0113）。相反，在 1 周安慰剂消耗后的 MTT 中，平均脂肪氧化显著升高（1.17 与 1.47 克/间隔，EBJ 与安慰剂，=0.0189）。这与安慰剂治疗后平均呼吸商显著降低（0.87 与 0.84，EBJ 与安慰剂，=0.0114）相一致。能量消耗没有差异。两种治疗方法之间的血清葡萄糖或胰岛素反应没有差异。这项针对自由生活志愿者的先导研究描述了 EBJ 干预后 IC 显著变化，但胰岛素敏感性没有变化。对照喂养和增加样本量将有助于确定 EBJ 在这些结果上的应用。
