School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia.
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia.
Nutrients. 2023 Apr 26;15(9):2092. doi: 10.3390/nu15092092.
Arterial stiffness is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease that is affected by diet. However, research understanding how these dietary risk factors are related to arterial stiffness during childhood is limited. The purpose of this review was to determine whether various dietary factors were associated with arterial stiffness in the pediatric population. Five databases were systematically searched. Intervention studies, cross-sectional and cohort studies were included that investigated nutrient or food intake and outcomes of arterial stiffness, primarily measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx), in the pediatric population (aged 0-18 years). A final 19 studies (six intervention and 13 observational) were included. Only two intervention studies, including a vitamin D and omega-3 supplementation trial, found protective effects on PWV and AIx in adolescents. Findings from observational studies were overall inconsistent and varied. There was limited evidence to indicate a protective effect of a healthy dietary pattern on arterial stiffness and an adverse effect of total fat intake, sodium intake and fast-food consumption. Overall, results indicated that some dietary factors may be associated with arterial stiffness in pediatric populations; however, inconsistencies were observed across all study designs. Further longitudinal and intervention studies are warranted to confirm the potential associations found in this review.
动脉僵硬度是心血管疾病的一个风险因素，受饮食影响。然而，目前关于这些饮食风险因素与儿童期动脉僵硬度之间关系的研究还很有限。本综述的目的是确定各种饮食因素是否与儿科人群的动脉僵硬度有关。系统地检索了五个数据库。纳入了研究营养素或食物摄入与动脉僵硬度（主要通过脉搏波速度（PWV）和增强指数（AIx）测量）结局之间关系的干预研究、横断面研究和队列研究，研究对象为儿科人群（年龄 0-18 岁）。最终纳入了 19 项研究（6 项干预研究和 13 项观察性研究）。只有两项干预研究，包括一项维生素 D 和 ω-3 补充试验，发现对青少年的 PWV 和 AIx 有保护作用。观察性研究的结果总体上不一致且多样。有有限的证据表明健康的饮食模式对动脉僵硬度有保护作用，而总脂肪摄入、钠摄入和快餐消费则有不良影响。总体而言，结果表明一些饮食因素可能与儿科人群的动脉僵硬度有关；然而，所有研究设计都存在不一致。需要进一步的纵向和干预研究来证实本综述中发现的潜在关联。
