Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 18 sur & Av. San Claudio, Col. San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, Mexico.
J Mater Chem B. 2023 Aug 2;11(30):7024-7040. doi: 10.1039/d3tb00427a.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting 44 million people worldwide. Although many issues (pathogenesis, genetics, clinical features, and pathological aspects) are still unknown, this disease is characterized by noticeable hallmarks such as the formation of β-amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and the reduction of acetylcholine levels. There is still no cure for AD and the current treatments are aimed at regulating the cholinesterase levels, attenuating symptoms temporarily rather than preventing the AD progression. In this context, coordination compounds are regarded as a promissing tool in AD treatment and/or diagnosis. Coordination compounds (discrete or polymeric) possess several features that make them an interesting option for developing new drugs for AD (good biocompatibility, porosity, synergetic effects of ligand-metal, fluorescence, particle size, homogeneity, monodispersity, ). This review discusses the recent progress in the development of novel discrete metal complexes and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the treatment, diagnosis and theragnosis of AD. These advanced therapies for AD treatment are organized according to the target: Aβ peptides, hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, synaptic dysfunction, and mitochondrial failure with subsequent oxidative stress.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种影响全球 4400 万人的神经退行性疾病。尽管许多问题（发病机制、遗传学、临床特征和病理方面）仍不清楚，但这种疾病的特征是明显的标志物，如β-淀粉样斑块的形成、tau 蛋白的过度磷酸化、活性氧的过度产生以及乙酰胆碱水平的降低。目前尚无治愈 AD 的方法，现有的治疗方法旨在调节胆碱酯酶水平，暂时缓解症状，而不是预防 AD 的进展。在这种情况下，配位化合物被认为是 AD 治疗和/或诊断的有前途的工具。配位化合物（离散或聚合）具有多种特性，使其成为开发 AD 新药的一个有趣选择（良好的生物相容性、多孔性、配体-金属的协同作用、荧光、粒径、均一性、单分散性）。本文综述了近年来用于 AD 治疗、诊断和治疗的新型离散金属配合物和金属有机骨架（MOFs）的研究进展。根据靶点，将这些 AD 治疗的先进疗法进行了分类：Aβ 肽、过度磷酸化的 tau 蛋白、突触功能障碍和随后的氧化应激导致的线粒体衰竭。
