School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.
School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Aug;30(38):88563-88576. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28687-3. Epub 2023 Jul 12.
Climate change in context of environmental issues is pushing most of the countries to set the goals in order to achieve carbon neutrality and sustainable development. The recognition of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) thirteen (13) is aided by the objective of this study which is to take an urgent action to combat climate change. In this context, this study investigates the effect of technological progress, income, and foreign direct investment on carbon dioxide emission by taking into consideration the moderating effect of economic freedom in 165 global countries from 2000 to 2020. The study employed ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects (FE), and two-step system generalized method of moments for analysis. The findings reveal that economic freedom, income per capita, foreign direct investment, and industry increase carbon dioxide emission while technological progress reduces emission in global countries. Surprisingly, economic freedom indirectly increases the level of carbon emissions by technological progress; however, economic freedom indirectly decreases the level of carbon emissions by income per capita. In this regard, this study favors clean eco-friendly technologies and seeks methods for development without harming the environment. Furthermore, the findings of this study have considerable policy suggestions for the sample countries.
在环境问题的背景下，气候变化促使大多数国家设定目标，以实现碳中和和可持续发展。可持续发展目标 13 的认识得益于本研究的目标，即采取紧急行动应对气候变化。在这方面，本研究考虑到经济自由度的调节作用，调查了技术进步、收入和外国直接投资对全球 165 个国家 2000 年至 2020 年二氧化碳排放的影响。该研究采用普通最小二乘法 (OLS)、固定效应 (FE) 和两步系统广义矩估计法进行分析。研究结果表明，经济自由度、人均收入、外国直接投资和工业都会增加二氧化碳排放，而技术进步则会减少全球各国的排放量。令人惊讶的是，经济自由通过技术进步间接增加了碳排放水平；然而，经济自由通过人均收入间接降低了碳排放水平。在这方面，本研究支持清洁环保技术，并寻求在不损害环境的情况下发展的方法。此外，本研究的结果对样本国家具有重要的政策建议。
