Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei, 243089, Taiwan.
Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei, 243089, Taiwan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Aug;30(38):88495-88507. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28675-7. Epub 2023 Jul 12.
This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of metal elements in PM and their potential sources and associated health risks over a period of two years in eight locations in the central part of western Taiwan. The study revealed that the mass concentration of PM and the total mass concentration of 20 metal elements in PM were 39.0 μg m and 4.74 μg m, respectively, with total metal elements accounting for approximately 13.0% of PM. Of the total metal elements, 95.6% were crustal elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, and Na), with trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ga, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, and Zn) contributing only 4.4%. Spatially, the inland areas exhibited higher PM concentrations due to lee-side topography and low wind speeds. In contrast, the coastal regions exhibited higher total metal concentrations because of the dominance of crustal elements from sea salt and crustal soil. Four primary sources of metal elements in PM were identified as sea salt (58%), re-suspended dust (32%), vehicle emissions and waste incineration (8%), and industrial emissions and power plants (2%). The positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis results indicated that natural sources like sea salt and road dust contributed up to 90% of the total metal elements in PM, while only 10% was attributed to human activities. The excess cancer risks (ECRs) associated with As, Co, and Cr(VI) were greater than 1 × 10, and the total ECR was 6.42 × 10. Although only 10% of total metal elements in PM came from human activities, they contributed to 82% of the total ECR.
本研究旨在调查过去两年中台湾西部中部 8 个地点的 PM 中金属元素的空间分布及其潜在来源和相关健康风险。研究表明，PM 的质量浓度和 PM 中 20 种金属元素的总质量浓度分别为 39.0 μg m 和 4.74 μg m，总金属元素约占 PM 的 13.0%。在总金属元素中，95.6%为地壳元素（Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg 和 Na），微量元素（As、Ba、Cd、Cr、Co、Cu、Ga、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sb、Se、V 和 Zn）仅占 4.4%。空间上，由于背风地形和低风速，内陆地区的 PM 浓度较高。相比之下，由于来自海盐和地壳土壤的地壳元素占主导地位，沿海地区的总金属浓度较高。PM 中金属元素的四个主要来源分别是海盐（58%）、再悬浮灰尘（32%）、车辆排放和废物焚烧（8%）以及工业排放和电厂（2%）。正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）分析结果表明，海盐和道路灰尘等自然来源对 PM 中总金属元素的贡献高达 90%，而人类活动的贡献仅为 10%。As、Co 和 Cr(VI)的超额癌症风险（ECR）大于 1×10，总 ECR 为 6.42×10。尽管 PM 中总金属元素的 10%来自人类活动，但它们对总 ECR 的贡献达到 82%。
