Frohman Dafni F T, Nnah Kimberly, Tsirka Stella E
Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2023;282:163-180. doi: 10.1007/164_2023_670.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent, debilitating disorder. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 5% of adults suffer from depression worldwide and more women than men are affected. Yet, we have a very limited understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, how sex and genetics influence the pathophenotype of MDD, and how they contribute to the responses to pharmacological treatment. This chapter addresses key theories about the etiology of depression, the variations in epidemiology and presentation, and the treatment options with respect to sex and gender. Additionally, we discuss the emerging wave of treatment modalities, diagnosis, and research focusing on MDD.
重度抑郁症（MDD）是一种高度流行且使人衰弱的疾病。根据世界卫生组织的数据，全球约5%的成年人患有抑郁症，女性受影响的人数多于男性。然而，我们对该疾病的发病机制、性别和基因如何影响MDD的病理表型，以及它们如何影响药物治疗反应的了解非常有限。本章探讨了关于抑郁症病因、流行病学和临床表现差异以及性别相关治疗选择的关键理论。此外，我们还讨论了针对MDD的新兴治疗方式、诊断和研究趋势。
