Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av Iguaçu, 333, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av Munhoz da Rocha, 490, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av Iguaçu, 333, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av Munhoz da Rocha, 490, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Oct 1;334:122187. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122187. Epub 2023 Jul 11.
Dicamba has been used worldwide for 60 years, but few studies have been conducted on its environmental safety and health effects. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the acute toxicity, teratogenic effects, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity of Dicamba in zebrafish embryos. Embryos were exposed to concentrations of 4.5, 18, 72, and 288 mg/L of Dicamba for 96 h. Among the teratogenic effects, yolk sac edema predominated, besides malabsorption of nutrients (grayish yolk sac). The presence of edema may indicate problems with circulation and water efflux from the embryos, which may be related to kidney and cardiovascular problems. Other effects such as hemorrhage, spinal and eye malformations, and dwarfism were also observed. The hatching rate was reduced in the highest concentration, and in the other concentrations, a decrease was noticeable indicating a delay in development. Neurotoxic effects were also observed. Oxidative stress analysis showed a significant decrease in SOD at all concentrations and an increase in GPx, GSH, and LPO at 288 mg/L of Dicamba. It was observed that the herbicide is capable of causing teratogenic effects, developmental delay, and oxidative stress. These results show that exposure to Dicamba, in a commercial formulation, can bring risks during embryonic development. In addition, it highlights the need for further studies on the effects of the herbicide and a reassessment of toxicity categorization.
二甲苯草胺在全球范围内已经使用了 60 年,但对其环境安全性和健康影响的研究很少。因此,本研究旨在评估二甲苯草胺对斑马鱼胚胎的急性毒性、致畸作用、氧化应激和神经毒性。胚胎在 4.5、18、72 和 288mg/L 的二甲苯草胺中暴露 96 小时。在致畸作用中,卵黄囊水肿为主,此外还有营养物质吸收不良(卵黄囊灰白色)。水肿的存在可能表明胚胎循环和水流出存在问题,这可能与肾脏和心血管问题有关。还观察到其他影响,如出血、脊柱和眼睛畸形以及侏儒症。最高浓度的孵化率降低,其他浓度的孵化率也明显降低,表明发育延迟。还观察到神经毒性作用。氧化应激分析表明,所有浓度的 SOD 显著降低,而在 288mg/L 的二甲苯草胺中 GPx、GSH 和 LPO 增加。观察到该除草剂能够引起致畸作用、发育迟缓以及氧化应激。这些结果表明,暴露于商业制剂的二甲苯草胺可能会在胚胎发育过程中带来风险。此外,这突出表明需要进一步研究除草剂的影响,并重新评估毒性分类。