探讨台湾居家照护服务员的人格特质、工作经验、倦怠与留职意愿之间的关系。
Examining the relationship between personality traits, work experience, burnout, and intention to stay among home care aides in Taiwan.
机构信息
Yuanshan Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yilan County, Taiwan.
Department of Health and Welfare, College of City Management, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2023 Jul 13;23(1):434. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04136-1.
BACKGROUND
Home care aides play an important role in providing long-term care services, but there is currently an insufficient supply of workers to meet the growing demand in Taiwan due to the increasing number of older adults and people with disabilities requiring care. There are numerous factors that influence the retention of home care aides. Previous research has indicated that taking employees' individual personalities into account can enhance task delegation and organizational efficiency within an organization. Severe occupational burnout is likely to diminish vitality and disrupt sleep, which, in turn, can result in higher employee turnover rates. To date, no research has explored the correlation between personality traits, burnout, work experience, and the retention of home care aides. Given these gaps in knowledge, the present study aims to investigate how personality traits and occupational burnout are associated with the intention to stay among home care aides in Taiwan.
METHODS
The study was a cross-sectional survey that utilized purposive sampling to interview 285 home care aides in Hualien County from December 2020 to January 2021. A self-report questionnaire, administered with informed consent, was used to collect data on demographics, work experience, occupational burnout, personality, and intention to stay. The researchers utilized hierarchical regression analysis to analyze the data. All measurements exhibited high reliability and consistency, with Cronbach's α values ranging from 0.8 to 0.9.
RESULTS
The subscales for personal burnout, work-related burnout, and client-related burnout, along with all personality scales, were highly correlated with intention to stay, except for the openness trait (p < .05). Moreover, married, full-time employment, satisfied with the promotion system and current job as home care aides on the whole, lower levels of work-related burnout, and agreeable personality type were found to be significant predictors for intention to stay (p < .05) , and the adjusted R of the model was 29.4%.
CONCLUSIONS
This study has concluded that using personality traits as a criterion to select home care aides with a high level of agreeableness prior to recruitment, enhancing the professionalism and comprehensive of promotion system, and reducing work burnout are measures that may help home care service providers increase the intention to stay among home care aides.
背景
家庭护理员在提供长期护理服务方面发挥着重要作用，但由于需要护理的老年人和残疾人数量不断增加，台湾目前的护理员数量供应不足，无法满足日益增长的需求。有许多因素会影响家庭护理员的留用率。之前的研究表明，考虑员工的个性特征可以提高组织内的任务分配和组织效率。严重的职业倦怠可能会降低活力并扰乱睡眠，从而导致员工离职率上升。迄今为止，尚无研究探讨个性特征、倦怠感、工作经验与家庭护理员留用率之间的相关性。鉴于这些知识空白，本研究旨在探讨个性特征和职业倦怠感如何与台湾家庭护理员的留任意愿相关。
方法
本研究是一项横断面调查，于 2020 年 12 月至 2021 年 1 月期间采用目的抽样法，对花莲县的 285 名家庭护理员进行访谈。研究人员使用自我报告问卷，在获得知情同意后，收集了人口统计学、工作经验、职业倦怠、个性特征和留任意愿等方面的数据。研究人员采用分层回归分析来分析数据。所有测量均表现出较高的可靠性和一致性，Cronbach's α 值在 0.8 至 0.9 之间。
结果
个人倦怠、工作倦怠和客户相关倦怠的子量表，以及所有个性量表，与留任意愿高度相关，除了开放性特质（p<.05）外。此外，已婚、全职工作、对晋升制度和整体家庭护理员工作满意、较低的工作倦怠水平和宜人性人格类型，被发现是留任意愿的显著预测因素（p<.05），模型的调整 R2 为 29.4%。
结论
本研究得出结论，在招聘前使用个性特征作为标准，选择具有高度宜人性的家庭护理员，提高晋升制度的专业性和全面性，减少工作倦怠，这些措施可能有助于家庭护理服务提供商提高家庭护理员的留任意愿。
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