Mefleh Marina, Motzo Rosella, Boukid Fatma, Giunta Francesco
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
ClonBio Group Ltd., 6 Fitzwilliam Pl, D02 XE61 Dublin, Ireland.
Foods. 2023 Jul 2;12(13):2582. doi: 10.3390/foods12132582.
This study is the first to assess the effects of clipping, cultivar, season, and their interactions on the protein composition of six old and ancient wheat cultivars (n = 6). For this, nitrogen content, the proportion of wheat protein fractions, and the molecular weight distribution of the extractable and unextractable glutenin polymers were investigated as a function of cultivar and clipping in two consecutive seasons. The relationships between genotypic variation in grain nitrogen and protein fraction content under clipping and non-clipping conditions were also assessed. Clipping delayed and shortened the grain filling period of all of the cultivars. The protein composition of some cultivars behaved differently to clipping due to differences in the environmental conditions of S1 (exceptional dry season) and S2 (rainy season). In S1, clipping decreased the ratio of gliadins over glutenins (GLI/GLU) (<1) of Cappelli and Giovanni Paolo, while in S2, clipping improved the GLI/GLU of Giovanni Paolo, Monlis, and Norberto. The unextractable polymeric proteins were not affected by clipping. Khorasan was shown to be indifferent to clipping in S1 and S2. These results suggest that it is possible to have ancient/old wheats suitable for a dual-purpose system, in different climatic conditions, while maintaining good grain quality traits. The increased market demand for ancient and old wheats presents an economic opportunity for farmers who adopt the dual-purpose technique to cultivate these resilient crops again and increase their profit margins and revenues.
本研究首次评估了刈割、品种、季节及其相互作用对六个古老小麦品种（n = 6）蛋白质组成的影响。为此，在连续两个季节中，研究了氮含量、小麦蛋白质组分比例以及可提取和不可提取谷蛋白聚合物的分子量分布与品种和刈割的关系。还评估了刈割和未刈割条件下籽粒氮和蛋白质组分含量的基因型变异之间的关系。刈割延迟并缩短了所有品种的灌浆期。由于S1（异常干旱季节）和S2（雨季）环境条件的差异，一些品种的蛋白质组成对刈割的反应有所不同。在S1中，刈割降低了卡佩利和乔瓦尼·保罗品种的醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白比例（GLI/GLU）（<1），而在S2中，刈割提高了乔瓦尼·保罗、蒙利斯和诺贝托品种的GLI/GLU。不可提取的聚合蛋白不受刈割影响。霍拉桑小麦在S1和S2中对刈割不敏感。这些结果表明，在不同气候条件下，有可能培育出适合两用系统的古老/陈旧小麦，同时保持良好的籽粒品质性状。对古老和陈旧小麦市场需求的增加为采用两用技术再次种植这些适应性强的作物并提高利润率和收入的农民带来了经济机会。
