厄瓜多尔可可（L.）副产品的生物活性成分剖析及其抗氧化活性评估。
Profile of Bioactive Components of Cocoa ( L.) By-Products from Ecuador and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity.
作者信息
Llerena Wilma, Samaniego Iván, Vallejo Christian, Arreaga Adner, Zhunio Billy, Coronel Zomayra, Quiroz James, Angós Ignacio, Carrillo Wilman
机构信息
Facultad de Ciencia de la Industria y la Producción, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo (UTEQ), km 7 1/2 vía Quevedo-El Empalme, Quevedo 120301, Ecuador.
Departamento de Nutrición y Calidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Panamericana Sur km 1, Cutuglahua 171107, Ecuador.
出版信息
Foods. 2023 Jul 3;12(13):2583. doi: 10.3390/foods12132583.
The aim of the study was to determine the profile of bioactive compounds in cocoa residues (mucilage and bean shells), and to evaluate their antioxidant activity in two cocoa varieties, Nacional X Trinitario type (Fine Aroma) and the variety CCN-51. The extraction of phytonutrients from the residues was carried out selectively. The characterization and quantification of the total polyphenol content (TPC), and the total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the phenolic profile and methylxanthines. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the methods of 2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation bleaching (ABTS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The exudate mucilage samples from Nacional X Trinitario-type cocoa presented the highest content of TPC 105.08 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 mL, TFC 36.80 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/100 mL, catechin (CAT) 35.44 mg/g, procyanidins (PCB2: 35.10; PCB1: 25.68; PCC1: 16.83 mg/L), epicatechin (EPI) 13.71 mg/L, caffeine (CAF) 0.90% and theobromine (TBR) 2.65%. In the cocoa bean shell, the variety CCN-51 presented a higher content of TPC (42.17 mg GAE/100 g) and TFC (20.57 mg CE/100 g). However, CAT (16.16 mg/g), CAF (0.35%) and TBR (1.28%) were higher in the Nacional X Trinitario cocoa type. The EPI presented no significant differences between the two samples studied (0.83 and 0.84 mg/g). The antioxidant activity values (ABTS, FRAP and ORAC methods) were higher in the samples of CCN-51 than in the Nacional X Trinitario type. The bean shell samples presented antioxidant values of 171.32, 192.22 and 56.87 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/g, respectively, and the bean shell samples presented antioxidant values of 167.06, 160.06 and 52.53 mg TE/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity (ABTS, FRAP and ORAC) of the residues was correlated with the bioactive compounds of the mucilage and bean shells, showing a strong positive correlation (<0.99) with the procyanidins (B1, B2 and C1), EPI and CAT and a positive/moderate correlation (0.94) with methylxanthines.
本研究的目的是确定可可残渣（黏液和豆壳）中生物活性化合物的概况，并评估其在两种可可品种（Nacional X Trinitario 类型（优质香气型）和 CCN - 51 品种）中的抗氧化活性。从残渣中选择性地提取植物营养素。通过紫外可见分光光度法测定总多酚含量（TPC）和总黄酮含量（TFC）的表征和定量。使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定酚类概况和甲基黄嘌呤。通过 2 - 偶氮二（3 - 乙基 - 苯并噻唑啉 - 6 - 磺酸）阳离子漂白法（ABTS）、铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）和氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）方法评估抗氧化活性。Nacional X Trinitario 型可可的渗出黏液样品中 TPC 含量最高，为 105.08 mg 没食子酸当量（GAE）/100 mL，TFC 为 36.80 mg 儿茶素当量（CE）/100 mL，儿茶素（CAT）为 35.44 mg/g，原花青素（PCB2：35.10；PCB1：25.68；PCC1：16.83 mg/L），表儿茶素（EPI）为 13.71 mg/L，咖啡因（CAF）为 0.90%，可可碱（TBR）为 2.65%。在可可豆壳中，CCN - 51 品种的 TPC（42.17 mg GAE/100 g）和 TFC（20.57 mg CE/100 g）含量较高。然而，Nacional X Trinitario 可可类型中的 CAT（16.16 mg/g）、CAF（0.35%）和 TBR（1.28%）含量较高。在所研究的两个样品中，EPI 无显著差异（0.83 和 0.84 mg/g）。CCN - 51 样品的抗氧化活性值（ABTS、FRAP 和 ORAC 方法）高于 Nacional X Trinitario 类型。豆壳样品的抗氧化值分别为 171.32、192.22 和 56.87 mg Trolox 当量（TE）/g，豆壳样品的抗氧化值分别为 167.06、160.06 和 52.53 mg TE/g。残渣的抗氧化活性（ABTS、FRAP 和 ORAC）与黏液和豆壳中的生物活性化合物相关，与原花青素（B1、B2 和 C1）、EPI 和 CAT 呈强正相关（<0.99），与甲基黄嘌呤呈正/中度相关（0.94）。
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