Pu Yi, Zhou Guanyu, Zhao Kejia, Chen Yaohui, Shen Shensi
Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, Department of Burn and Reconstructive Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Jun 30;15(13):3421. doi: 10.3390/cancers15133421.
Glioma is the most aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system, and most patients suffer from a recurrence. Unfortunately, recurrent glioma often becomes resistant to established chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments. Immunotherapy, a rapidly developing anti-tumor therapy, has shown a potential value in treating recurrent glioma. Multiple immune strategies have been explored. The most-used ones are immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies, which are barely effective in monotherapy. However, when combined with other immunotherapy, especially with anti-angiogenesis antibodies, ICB has shown encouraging efficacy and enhanced anti-tumor immune response. Oncolytic viruses and CAR-T therapies have shown promising results in recurrent glioma through multiple mechanisms. Vaccination strategies and immune-cell-based immunotherapies are promising in some subgroups of patients, and multiple new tumor antigenic targets have been discovered. In this review, we discuss current applicable immunotherapies and related mechanisms for recurrent glioma, focusing on multiple preclinical models and clinical trials in the last 5 years. Through reviewing the current combination of immune strategies, we would like to provide substantive thoughts for further novel therapeutic regimes treating recurrent glioma.
胶质瘤是中枢神经系统最具侵袭性的恶性肿瘤，大多数患者会复发。不幸的是，复发性胶质瘤往往会对既定的化疗和放疗产生耐药性。免疫疗法作为一种快速发展的抗肿瘤疗法，在治疗复发性胶质瘤方面已显示出潜在价值。人们已经探索了多种免疫策略。最常用的是免疫检查点阻断（ICB）抗体，其单药治疗几乎无效。然而，当与其他免疫疗法联合使用时，尤其是与抗血管生成抗体联合使用时，ICB已显示出令人鼓舞的疗效，并增强了抗肿瘤免疫反应。溶瘤病毒和嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T）疗法通过多种机制在复发性胶质瘤中显示出有前景的结果。疫苗接种策略和基于免疫细胞的免疫疗法在某些患者亚组中具有前景，并且已经发现了多个新的肿瘤抗原靶点。在本综述中，我们讨论了目前适用于复发性胶质瘤的免疫疗法及其相关机制，重点关注过去5年中的多个临床前模型和临床试验。通过回顾当前的免疫策略组合，我们希望为进一步治疗复发性胶质瘤的新型治疗方案提供实质性思路。
