Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 28;24(13):10747. doi: 10.3390/ijms241310747.
There is an increasing interest in understanding the connection between the immune and cardiovascular systems, which are highly integrated and communicate through finely regulated cross-talking mechanisms. Recent evidence has demonstrated that the immune system does indeed have a key role in the response to cardiac injury and in cardiac regeneration. Among the immune cells, macrophages appear to have a prominent role in this context, with different subtypes described so far that each have a specific influence on cardiac remodeling and repair. Similarly, there are significant differences in how the innate and adaptive immune systems affect the response to cardiac damage. Understanding all these mechanisms may have relevant clinical implications. Several studies have already demonstrated that stem cell-based therapies support myocardial repair. However, the exact role that cardiac macrophages and their modulation may have in this setting is still unclear. The current need to decipher the dual role of immunity in boosting both heart injury and repair is due, at least for a significant part, to unresolved questions related to the complexity of cardiac macrophage phenotypes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the role of the immune system, and of macrophages in particular, in the response to cardiac injury and to outline, through the modulation of the immune response, potential novel therapeutic strategies for cardiac regeneration.
人们越来越关注理解免疫系统和心血管系统之间的联系，这两个系统高度整合，并通过精细调节的相互交流机制进行通讯。最近的证据表明，免疫系统确实在心脏损伤反应和心脏再生中起着关键作用。在免疫细胞中，巨噬细胞在这方面似乎起着突出的作用，迄今为止已经描述了不同的亚型，它们各自对心脏重构和修复有特定的影响。同样，先天免疫系统和适应性免疫系统对心脏损伤反应的影响也存在显著差异。了解所有这些机制可能具有相关的临床意义。已有多项研究表明，基于干细胞的疗法支持心肌修复。然而，心脏巨噬细胞及其调节在这种情况下可能发挥的具体作用仍不清楚。目前需要阐明免疫在促进心脏损伤和修复方面的双重作用，这至少在很大程度上是由于与心脏巨噬细胞表型的复杂性相关的一些未解决的问题。本篇综述的目的是概述免疫系统，特别是巨噬细胞，在心脏损伤反应中的作用，并通过调节免疫反应，为心脏再生概述潜在的新的治疗策略。
