Szczyglewska Paulina, Feliczak-Guzik Agnieszka, Nowak Izabela
Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
Molecules. 2023 Jun 22;28(13):4932. doi: 10.3390/molecules28134932.
The role of nanotechnology is increasingly important in our society. Through it, scientists are acquiring the ability to understand the structure and properties of materials and manipulate them at the scale of atoms and molecules. Nanomaterials are at the forefront of the rapidly growing field of nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanostructured materials, especially metallic nanoparticles, has attracted tremendous interest over the past decade due to their unique properties, making these materials excellent and indispensable in many areas of human activity. These special properties can be attributed to the small size and large specific surface area of nanoparticles, which are very different from those of bulk materials. Nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes are needed for many applications, so a variety of protocols are required to produce monodisperse nanoparticles with controlled morphology. The purpose of this review is firstly to introduce the reader to the basic aspects related to the field of nanotechnology and, secondly, to discuss metallic nanoparticles in greater detail. This article explains the basic concepts of nanotechnology, introduces methods for synthesizing nanoparticles, and describes their types, properties, and possible applications. Of many methods proposed for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, a chemical reduction is usually preferred because it is easy to perform, cost-effective, efficient, and also allows control of the structural parameters through optimization of the synthesis conditions. Therefore, a chemical reduction method is discussed in more detail-each factor needed for the synthesis of nanoparticles by chemical reduction is described in detail, i.e., metal precursors, solvents, reducing agents, and stabilizers. The methods that are used to characterize nanomaterials are described. Finally, based on the available literature collection, it is shown how changing the synthesis parameters/methods affects the final characteristics of nanoparticles.
纳米技术在我们的社会中发挥着越来越重要的作用。通过它，科学家们能够了解材料的结构和特性，并在原子和分子尺度上对其进行操控。纳米材料处于迅速发展的纳米技术领域的前沿。在过去十年中，纳米结构材料的合成，尤其是金属纳米颗粒的合成，因其独特的性质而引起了极大的关注，这使得这些材料在人类活动的许多领域中都非常出色且不可或缺。这些特殊性质可归因于纳米颗粒的小尺寸和大比表面积，这与块状材料有很大不同。许多应用需要不同尺寸和形状的纳米颗粒，因此需要各种方法来制备具有可控形态的单分散纳米颗粒。本综述的目的，一是向读者介绍与纳米技术领域相关的基本方面，二是更详细地讨论金属纳米颗粒。本文解释了纳米技术的基本概念，介绍了纳米颗粒的合成方法，并描述了它们的类型、性质和可能的应用。在众多提出的金属纳米颗粒合成方法中，化学还原法通常更受青睐，因为它易于操作、成本效益高、效率高，并且还能通过优化合成条件来控制结构参数。因此，将更详细地讨论化学还原法——详细描述通过化学还原合成纳米颗粒所需的每个因素，即金属前驱体、溶剂、还原剂和稳定剂。描述了用于表征纳米材料的方法。最后，基于现有的文献收集，展示了改变合成参数/方法如何影响纳米颗粒的最终特性。
