School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
Molecules. 2023 Jul 4;28(13):5210. doi: 10.3390/molecules28135210.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, non-specific disease of unknown etiology. The disease develops mainly in the rectum or colon, and the main clinical symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and purulent bloody stools, with a wide variation in severity. The specific causative factors and pathogenesis of the disease are not yet clear, but most scholars believe that the disease is caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, infectious, immune, and intestinal flora factors. As for the treatment of UC, medications are commonly used in clinical practice, mainly including aminosalicylates, glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressive drugs. However, due to the many complications associated with conventional drug therapy and the tendency for UC to recur, there is an urgent need to discover new, safer, and more effective drugs. Natural compounds with biodiversity and chemical structure diversity from medicinal plants are the most reliable source for the development of new drug precursors. Evidence suggests that glycosides may reduce the development and progression of UC by modulating anti-inflammatory responses, inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing abnormal immune responses, and regulating signal transduction. In this manuscript, we provide a review of the epidemiology of UC and the available drugs for disease prevention and treatment. In addition, we demonstrate the protective or therapeutic role of glycosides in UC and describe the possible mechanisms of action to provide a theoretical basis for preclinical studies in drug development.
溃疡性结肠炎（UC）是一种病因不明的慢性、非特异性疾病。该疾病主要在直肠或结肠中发展，主要临床症状包括腹痛、腹泻和脓性血便，严重程度差异很大。疾病的确切致病因素和发病机制尚不清楚，但大多数学者认为该疾病是由遗传、环境、感染、免疫和肠道菌群因素相互作用引起的。至于 UC 的治疗，临床上通常使用药物，主要包括氨基水杨酸盐、糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂。然而，由于常规药物治疗相关的多种并发症以及 UC 易复发的倾向，迫切需要发现新的、更安全和更有效的药物。来自药用植物的具有生物多样性和化学结构多样性的天然化合物是开发新药前体最可靠的来源。有证据表明，糖苷类化合物可能通过调节抗炎反应、抑制氧化应激、抑制异常免疫反应和调节信号转导，来减少 UC 的发生和发展。在本手稿中，我们综述了 UC 的流行病学以及现有的用于疾病预防和治疗的药物。此外，我们还展示了糖苷类化合物在 UC 中的保护或治疗作用，并描述了可能的作用机制，为药物开发的临床前研究提供理论依据。
