Brosgole L, Gioia J V, Zingmond R
Int J Neurosci. 1986 Aug;30(1-2):127-44. doi: 10.3109/00207458608985662.
Facial- and postural-effect recognition was assessed in two groups of normal children (average ages of 5 yr., 3 mo. 5 yrs., 9 mo.) and three groups of retarded subjects (mild, moderate and severe). All subjects were tested under five separate conditions, in an attempt to determine if there was an impairment in affect recognition which varied directly as a function of the degree of mental handicap. In the first condition, subjects were presented with a smiling, pouting and a frowning face on each of 18 trials. They were given one prompt per trial, being instructed to point to the happy, sad or angry stimulus. Expressive postural stimuli devoid of facial features were used in Condition 2, and the same prompting procedure was followed. In the remaining three conditions facial and postural expressions were combined in different ways, so that they either agreed or disagreed. The resulting error data were evaluated by use of an analysis of variance. The principal findings showed that the severely retarded performed very poorly in all conditions. The remaining groups performed relatively well and failed to differ significantly from one another in facial-affect recognition. However, the moderately retarded group was significantly more impaired in postural-affect recognition than were the mildly handicapped and normals.
在两组正常儿童（平均年龄分别为5岁3个月和5岁9个月）以及三组智力迟钝受试者（轻度、中度和重度）中评估面部和姿势情感识别能力。所有受试者在五种不同条件下接受测试，旨在确定情感识别方面是否存在障碍，且该障碍是否与智力障碍程度直接相关。在第一种条件下，在18次试验中每次向受试者展示一张笑脸、一张撅嘴脸和一张皱眉脸。每次试验给予一次提示，指示他们指向表示快乐、悲伤或愤怒的刺激物。在第二种条件下，使用没有面部特征的表情姿势刺激物，并遵循相同的提示程序。在其余三种条件下，面部和姿势表情以不同方式组合，使其要么一致要么不一致。通过方差分析对所得错误数据进行评估。主要研究结果表明，重度智力迟钝者在所有条件下表现都很差。其余组表现相对较好，在面部情感识别方面彼此之间没有显著差异。然而，中度智力迟钝组在姿势情感识别方面比轻度智力障碍者和正常儿童受损更严重。
