Gioia J V, Brosgole L
Psychology Laboratory, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York 11439.
Int J Neurosci. 1988 Dec;43(3-4):149-63. doi: 10.3109/00207458808986164.
Five groups were tested for facial and postural affect recognition by use of word and tonal prompts. Group 1 contained normal young children. Groups 2 and 3 were moderately retarded and Groups 4 and 5 were severely retarded. Retardation was complicated by autism in Groups 3 and 5. There were eight conditions. In Condition 1, happy, sad and angry faces were displayed simultaneously in each of 18 trials, with the subjects prompted verbally to point to one of the affects (e.g., the angry face) in a given trial. In Condition 2, full figures (with facial features omitted) were used instead of the faces, and emotion was conveyed by use of body position and muscle tone. The same procedure was followed as before. Conditions 3 and 4 were repeated of 1 and 2, except that descriptive word prompts were used (e.g., point to the yelling picture). Conditions 5 and 6 were the same as 1 and 2, except that affective voice intonations were used instead of word prompts. The subjects had to identify the voice tones by using affective words (e.g., happy) in Condition 7, and descriptive words (e.g., laughing) in Condition 8. An analysis of the error data indicated that retarded subjects had particular difficulty recognizing angry stimuli with both affective and descriptive word prompting. In addition, they tended to confuse happy with angry voice tones.
通过使用文字和语调提示对五组进行面部和姿势情感识别测试。第一组包含正常幼儿。第二组和第三组为中度智力迟钝，第四组和第五组为重度智力迟钝。第三组和第五组的智力迟钝因自闭症而复杂化。共有八种情况。在情况1中，在18次试验的每次试验中同时展示开心、悲伤和愤怒的面孔，在给定试验中通过口头提示受试者指出其中一种情感（例如愤怒的面孔）。在情况2中，使用全身人像（省略面部特征）代替面孔，情感通过身体姿势和肌肉张力来传达。遵循与之前相同的程序。情况3和4重复情况1和2的操作，只是使用描述性文字提示（例如，指向大喊大叫的图片）。情况5和6与情况1和2相同，只是使用情感语音语调代替文字提示。在情况7中，受试者必须使用情感词汇（例如开心）来识别语音语调，在情况8中使用描述性词汇（例如大笑）。对错误数据的分析表明，智力迟钝的受试者在通过情感和描述性文字提示识别愤怒刺激时特别困难。此外，他们往往会将开心的语音语调与愤怒的语音语调混淆。
