Baby Health Behavior Laboratory, Division of Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
Department of Psychology and the Social Science Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 30;15(13):2990. doi: 10.3390/nu15132990.
Substance use during pregnancy increases the risk for poor developmental outcomes of the offspring, and for substance-dependent mothers, abstaining from substance use during pregnancy is often difficult. Given the addictive nature of many substances, strategies that may mitigate the harmful effects of prenatal substance exposure are important. Prenatal nutrient supplementation is an emerging intervention that may improve developmental outcomes among substance-exposed offspring. We provide a narrative review of the literature on micronutrient and fatty acid supplementation during pregnancies exposed to substance use in relation to offspring developmental outcomes. We first discuss animal models exposed to ethanol during pregnancy with supplementation of choline, zinc, vitamin E, iron, and fatty acids. We follow with human studies of both alcohol- and nicotine-exposed pregnancies with supplementation of choline and vitamin C, respectively. We identified only 26 animal studies on ethanol and 6 human studies on alcohol and nicotine that supplemented nutrients during pregnancy and reported offspring developmental outcomes. There were no studies that examined nutrient supplementation during pregnancies exposed to cannabis, illicit substances, or polysubstance use. Implementations and future directions are discussed.
孕期物质使用会增加后代发育不良的风险，对于物质依赖的母亲来说，孕期戒除物质使用通常很困难。鉴于许多物质具有成瘾性，减轻产前物质暴露的有害影响的策略非常重要。产前营养补充是一种新兴的干预措施，可能会改善物质暴露后代的发育结果。我们对与后代发育结果相关的孕期物质使用暴露的微量营养素和脂肪酸补充的文献进行了叙述性综述。我们首先讨论了在怀孕期间暴露于乙醇并补充胆碱、锌、维生素 E、铁和脂肪酸的动物模型。然后，我们分别讨论了人类研究中酒精和尼古丁暴露的妊娠，并补充了胆碱和维生素 C。我们仅确定了 26 项关于乙醇的动物研究和 6 项关于酒精和尼古丁的人类研究，这些研究在怀孕期间补充了营养物质并报告了后代的发育结果。没有研究检查过怀孕期间暴露于大麻、非法物质或多物质使用的营养补充。讨论了实施和未来方向。
