Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jul 3;23(13):6124. doi: 10.3390/s23136124.
A 28 GHz fully differential eight-channel beamforming IC (BFIC) with multimode operations is implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology for use in phased array transceivers. The BFIC has an adjustable gain and phase control on each channel to achieve fine beam steering and beam pattern. The BFIC has eight differential beamforming channels each consisting of the two-stage bi-directional amplifier with a precise gain control circuit, a six-bit phase shifter, a three-bit digital step attenuator, and a tuning bit for amplitude and phase variation compensation. The Tx and Rx mode overall gains of the differential eight-channel BFIC are around 11 dB and 9 dB, respectively, at 27.0-29.5 GHz. The return losses of the Tx mode and Rx mode are >10 dB at 27.0-29.5 GHz. The maximum phase of 354° with a phase resolution of 5.6° and the maximum attenuation of 31 dB, including the gain control bits with an attenuation resolution of 1 dB, is achieved at 27.0-29.5 GHz. The root mean square (RMS) phase and amplitude errors are <3.2° and <0.6 dB at 27.0-29.5 GHz, respectively. The chip size is 3.0 × 3.5 mm, including pads, and Tx mode current consumption is 580 mA at 2.5 V supply voltage.
一款 28GHz 全差分八路波束成形集成电路 (BFIC)，采用 65nmCMOS 技术，可实现多模操作，用于相控阵收发器。BFIC 对每个通道具有可调节的增益和相位控制，可实现精细的波束转向和波束形成。BFIC 有八路差分波束成形通道，每个通道都由两级双向放大器组成，带有精确的增益控制电路、六比特相移器、三比特数字步进衰减器和一个调谐位，用于幅度和相位变化补偿。差分八路 BFIC 的 Tx 和 Rx 模式总增益分别约为 11dB 和 9dB，工作频率为 27.0-29.5GHz。Tx 模式和 Rx 模式的回波损耗在 27.0-29.5GHz 时均大于 10dB。在 27.0-29.5GHz 时，实现了 354°的最大相位，相位分辨率为 5.6°，最大衰减为 31dB，包括具有 1dB 衰减分辨率的增益控制位。RMS 相位和幅度误差分别小于 3.2°和 0.6dB，工作频率为 27.0-29.5GHz。芯片尺寸为 3.0×3.5mm，包括焊盘，在 2.5V 电源电压下，Tx 模式的电流消耗为 580mA。
